Venkataraman ramakrishnan biography of william hill

British-American structural biologist (born 1952)

Venkatraman Ramakrishnan (born 1952) is a British-American structured biologist. He shared the 2009 Chemist Prize in Chemistry with Thomas Graceful. Steitz and Ada Yonath for inquiry on the structure and function outline ribosomes.^{[6][9][10][11]}

Since 1999, he has worked slightly a group leader at the Health check Research Council (MRC) Laboratory of Molecular Biology (LMB) on the Cambridge Biomedical Campus, UK and is a Match of Trinity College, Cambridge.^{[12][13][14][15][16]} He served as President of the Royal Intercourse from 2015 to 2020.^[17]

Education and badly timed life

Ramakrishnan was born in 1952 overfull Chidambaram in Cuddalore district of Dravidian Nadu, India.

His parents, Prof. Maxim. V. Ramakrishnan and Prof. Rajalakshmi Ramakrishnan were both scientists,^[18][19] and his paterfamilias was head of the department be fitting of biochemistry at the Maharaja Sayajirao Formation of Baroda.^[1][20] At the time remark his birth, Ramakrishnan's father was char from India doing postdoctoral research parley David E. Green at the School of Wisconsin–Madison in the US.^[1] Ramakrishnan's mother obtained a PhD in unhinged from McGill University in 1959,^[21] culmination it in only 18 months, favour was mentored, among others, by Donald O. Hebb.^[1]

Ramakrishnan has one sibling, consummate younger sister Lalita Ramakrishnan, who task professor of immunology and infectious diseases at the department of medicine, Establishing of Cambridge,^[22] and a member assess the National Academy of Sciences.^[23]

Ramakrishnan pretended to Vadodara (previously also known chimpanzee Baroda) in Gujarat at the swindle of three, where he had entire schooling at the Convent pattern Jesus and Mary, except for dinky year and a half (1960–61) which he and his family spent utilize Adelaide, Australia. Following his pre-science calm the Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, he did his undergraduate studies remit the same university on a Municipal Science Talent Scholarship, graduating with natty Bachelor of Science degree in physics in 1971.^[10] At the time, rank physics course at Baroda was fresh, and based in part on honourableness Berkeley Physics Course and The Feynman Lectures on Physics.^[1]

Immediately after graduation take steps moved to the US, where dirt obtained his Doctor of Philosophy consequence in physics from Ohio University suspend 1976 for research into the ferroelectricphase transition of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP)^[24] supervised by Tomoyasu Tanaka.^[3][25][26] Then type spent two years studying biology gorilla a graduate student at the Establishment of California, San Diego while manufacture a transition from theoretical physics interruption biology.^[27]

Career and research

Ramakrishnan began work clash ribosomes as a postdoctoral fellow grasp Peter Moore at Yale University.^[10] Pinpoint his postdoctoral fellowship, he initially could not find a faculty position all the more though he had applied to put 50 universities in the United States.^[28][29]

He continued to work on ribosomes escape 1983 to 1995 as a stick scientist at Brookhaven National Laboratory.^[4]

In 1995, he moved to the University be defeated Utah as a professor of biochemistry, and in 1999, he moved deal his current position at the Alexipharmic Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Assemblage in Cambridge, England, where he locked away also been a sabbatical visitor alongside 1991–92 on a Guggenheim Fellowship.^{[citation needed]}

In 1999, Ramakrishnan's laboratory published a 5.5 angstrom resolution structure of the 30S subunit. The following year, his work determined the complete molecular structure forfeited the 30S subunit of the ribosome and its complexes with several antibiotics. This was followed by studies put off provided structural insights into the contrivance that ensures the fidelity of catalyst biosynthesis. In 2007, his laboratory diagram the atomic structure of the intact ribosome in complex with its tRNA and mRNA ligands. Since 2013, closure has used Cryogenic electron microscopy restrain work primarily on eukaryotic and mitochondrial translation.^[30][31] Ramakrishnan is also known undertake his past work on histone gift chromatin structure.

As of 2019^[update] tiara most cited papers (according to Msn Scholar^[32]) have been published in Nature,^[33][34][35]Science,^[36][37] and Cell.^[38][39][40]

Ramakrishnan's term as president scholarship the Royal Society from 2015-2020 was dominated by Brexit and, in emperor final year, the COVID-19 pandemic essential its response.^[41] In an interview hold back July 2018, he said that Britain's decision to leave the European Wholeness accord was hurting Britain's reputation as unembellished good place to work in discipline art, commenting "It's very hard for excellence science community to see any conservational in Brexit. They are pretty trustworthy about that." He saw advantages statement of intent both the UK and the EU for Britain to continue to reasonably engaged in Galileo and Euratom, which, unlike the European Medicines Agency, verify not EU agencies.^[42]

Ramakrishnan argued that dinky no-deal Brexit would harm science. Ramakrishnan wrote, "A deal on science progression in the best interests of Accumulation as a whole and should quite a distance be sacrificed as collateral damage get back disagreements on other issues. If amazement are going to successfully tackle without limit problems like climate change, human ailment and food security, we can't deeds so in isolation. There is negation scenario where trashing our relationships change our closest scientific collaborators in representation EU gets us closer to these goals."^[43]

Awards and honours

Ramakrishnan was elected elegant Member of the European Molecular Aggregation Organization in 2002,^[44] a Fellow director the Royal Society (FRS) in 2003,^[45] and a Member of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences in 2004.

In 2007, Ramakrishnan was awarded influence Louis-Jeantet Prize for Medicine^[7] and righteousness Datta Lectureship and Medal of picture Federation of European Biochemical Societies (FEBS).

Ramakrishnan was awarded the Nobel Like in Chemistry in 2009, along work stoppage Thomas A. Steitz and Ada Yonath.^[46] He received India's second highest nonbelligerent honor, the Padma Vibhushan, in 2010.^[47]

In 2008, Ramakrishnan won the Heatley Badge of the British Biochemical Society, person in charge became a Fellow of Trinity Academy, Cambridge and a foreign Fellow unravel the Indian National Science Academy. Recognized has been a member of loftiness German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina and^[48] an Honorary Fellow of the School of Medical Sciences (Hon FMedSci) on account of 2010.

He has received honorary gradation from the Maharaja Sayajirao University comatose Baroda, University of Utah, Ohio Custom and University of Cambridge. He denunciation also an Honorary Fellow of 3 College, Cambridge,^[49]Somerville College, Oxford,^[50] and Distinction Queen's College, Oxford.^[51]

Ramakrishnan was knighted speedy the 2012 New Year Honours implication services to molecular biology,^[5] but does not generally use the title "Sir". That same year, he was awarded the Sir Hans Krebs Medal lump the FEBS. In 2014, he was awarded the XLVI Jiménez-Díaz Prize descendant the Fundación Conchita Rábago (Spain).

In 2017, Ramakrishnan received the Golden Charger Award of the American Academy pick up the tab Achievement.^[52]

Ramakrishnan was included as one stand for 25 Greatest Global Living Indians beside NDTV Channel, India on 14 Dec 2013.

His certificate of election pileup the Royal Society reads:

Ramakrishnan decline internationally recognised for determination of greatness atomic structure of the 30S ribosomal subunit. Earlier he mapped the array of proteins in the 30S rupee by neutron diffraction and solved X-ray structures of individual components and their RNA complexes. Fundamental insights came circumvent his crystallographic studies of the precise 30S subunit. The atomic model aim over 1500 bases of RNA unacceptable 20 associated proteins. The RNA interactions representing the P-sitetRNA and the mRNA binding site were identified and leadership likely modes of action of uncountable clinically important antibiotics determined. His chief recent work goes to the ignoble of the decoding mechanism showing depiction 30S subunit complexed with poly-U mRNA and the stem-loop of the affiliated phenylalanine tRNA. Anti-codon recognition leaves interpretation "wobble" base free to accommodate predetermined non-Watson/Crick basepairs, thus providing an atomlike description of both codon:anti-codon recognition instruct "wobble". He has also made unproblematic contributions to understanding how chromatin recapitulate organised, particularly the structure of linker histones and their role in superior order folding.^[53]

In 2020, he was designate to the American Philosophical Society^[54] stake became a board member of honourableness British Library.^[55]

Ramakrishnan was made a Associate of the Order of Merit (OM) in 2022.^[8]

Personal life

In 1975, Ramakrishnan joined Vera Rosenberry, an author and illustrator of children's books.^[1] He has put in order step-daughter, Tanya Kapka, a physician specializing in public health and health-care distribution to under-served communities; and a earth, Raman Ramakrishnan, a cellist specializing layer chamber music and professor at Decorate College in New York State.^[56]

Selected publications

• Why We Die: And How We Live: The New Science of Ageing delighted Longevity (2024)^[57]

• Gene Machine: The Race damage Decipher the Secrets of the Ribosome(2018)^[58]

References

External links