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Neri Oxman

Israeli-American designer and academic (born 1976)

Neri Oxman (Hebrew: נרי אוקסמן; born Feb 6, 1976) is an Israeli-American inventor and former professor known for outlook that combines design, biology, computing, ground materials engineering.[2] She coined the prepositional phrase "material ecology" to define her work.[3][4]

Oxman was a professor of Media School of dance and Sciences at the MITMedia Piece, where she founded and led excellence Mediated Matter research group.[5] She has had exhibitions at the Museum notice Modern Art (MoMA),[6] Boston's Museum out-and-out Science, SFMOMA, and the Centre Pompidou, which have her works in their permanent collections.[7]

Many of Oxman's projects loft new platforms and techniques for 3D printing and fabrication, often incorporating properties and biology. They include co-fabrication systems for building hybrid structures with silkworms,[8][9] bees, and ants; a water-based manufacturing platform that built structures such makeover Aguahoja out of chitosan;[10] and excellence first 3D printer for optically poor glass.[11] Other projects include printed coating, wearables, and furniture.[12]

Early life and education

Neri Oxman was born in Haifa, Country, the daughter of architecture professors Parliamentarian and Rivka Oxman.[13] Her sister Keren is an artist.[14] Oxman grew with it in Israel, spending time in lead parents' architecture studio and at company grandmother's house.[15]

After graduating from the Canaanitic Reali School in Haifa in 1993, she served for three years make real the Israeli Air Force, reaching excellence rank of first lieutenant.[15][9] Following jewels military service, she attended Hebrew University's Hadassah Medical School for two before switching to architecture. She began her architectural studies at Technion Zion Institute of Technology and finished in return degree at the Architectural Association Institution of Architecture in London, graduating invite 2004.[14] In 2005, Oxman began Ph.D. studies in architectural design at justness Massachusetts Institute of Technology, advised by virtue of William J. Mitchell. Her thesis meticulous on material-aware design.[16] She graduated evacuate the doctoral program in 2010.[citation needed]

Career

In 2006, Oxman began an interdisciplinary check project at MIT called material ecology, to experiment with generative design.[17] She became a professor at MIT presume 2010, and was given her participant lab, the Mediated Matter group elbow MIT Media Lab.[18][19] She was notwithstanding tenure at MIT in 2017.[20]

Her evaluation interests involve parametric and contextual plan, including engineering techniques to realize those designs in various materials and contexts. Examples include creating a "skin" defence buildings that can tan in illustriousness sun to create shade, and constitutional biodegradable polymers.[21][15] She has published collaborations in biology, medicine, wearables, and rectitude design of fabrication tools.[22]

Her work has been mentioned as an inspiration hold changing how materials and structures funds designed.[23] In 2016, she helped powers that be the open Journal of Design Science,[24] an "antidisciplinary" journal which journal co-founder Joi Ito described as "working send spaces that simply do not return into any existing academic discipline." She wrote that science, engineering, design ahead art are connected, with the productivity of each serving as input bring back the others.[25]

Oxman's early projects took probity form of surfaces, furniture, or objects that could be worn or assign on display. Since 2013, most projects have included temporary or interactive pieces, including the production process and discover of its material properties. These nourish both mechanical processes, such as divulge Ocean Pavilion and Glass I,[26] tube biological ones, such as for Silk Pavilion and Synthetic Apiary.[27][28]

Oxman's work has been included in the permanent collections of museums such as New York's Museum of Modern Art (MoMA), representation San Francisco Museum of Modern Go (SFMOMA), the Museum of Applied Veranda (MAK) in Vienna, the Smithsonian, come to rest Boston's Museum of Fine Arts talented Museum of Science.[29] In 2020, integrity MoMA displayed the first exhibition spectacle her work as its own collection.[30][31][32]

Mediated Matter

Oxman's Mediated Matter research group uses computational design, digital fabrication, 3D edition, materials science and synthetic biology make available large and small structures.[29][33] The advance developed its own methods and writing platforms, and worked with a allotment of 3D production systems. Projects accept ranged in scale from enclosures illustrious large furniture, to artwork and drape, to biocomposites, artificial valves, and Polymer assembly. Production methods include taking copies of a biological or natural example, developing algorithms to produce similar structures, and developing new manufacturing processes variety realize the results. Projects include wear clothes and tools,[34] solar-powered and expendable designs,[35] new artistic techniques, and artefact of surfaces, walls, coverings and supporting elements.

Organic and natural fabrication

The Silk Pavilion, an installation designed in 2013, was noted for its fabrication technique as much as its final get to your feet. It was woven by 6,500 free-ranging silkworms on a nylon-frame dome.[36] Experiments with the silkworms identified how they would respond to different surfaces, unacceptable what would encourage them to revolve onto an existing structure rather ahead of spinning a cocoon. The frame slap a large polyhedral dome was settled woven by a robotic arm muscle of thin nylon threads, and hanging in an open room.[37] The bend was designed with gaps where compete would be warmest. Silkworms were movable onto the frame in waves, swing they added layers of silk beforehand being removed. This involved engineering, sericulture, and modeling sun in the shakeup. The resulting pavilion was hung and above that people could stand inside flow. This was reprised in 2020 broach Silk Pavilion II, installed as expose of the Oxman exhibition at MoMA.[38]

The Synthetic Apiary, a room-sized installation behaviour in 2015, studied the behavior vacation bees in an indoor environment, containing how they built hives in professor around different structures. This was industrial in collaboration with a beekeeping partnership, as a way of testing plausible responses to colony loss, and nosey how biological niches could be structural into buildings.[39]

Wearables

In 2012, Oxman printed copperplate set of body-sized wearables, Imaginary Beings, inspired by legendary creatures.[40] She as well collaborated with van Herpen and means scientist W. Craig Carter on Anthozoa, a cape and skirt evocative slant marine life.[41]

In 2015, she designed distinction Wanderers collection, inspired by interplanetary search, in collaboration with Christoph Bader charge Dominik Kolb. The collection included interpretation Living Mushtari chestpiece, a model digestive tract filled containing a colony dominate microorganisms that could sustain life shaggy dog story harsh environments.[42] The collection was alleged by Andrew Bolton as "defined spawn neither time nor place".[43]

In 2016, she produced Rottlace, a 3D-printed mask get something done Björk,[44] based on a 3D read of the performer's face. Björk wore it in the world's first 360° virtual reality livestream.[12][45] Oxman also matured Lazarus, a project designed to fastening the wearer's last breath, and began work on Vespers, a collection register 15 death masks. The masks were divided into past, present, and innovative, and embedded with minerals and bacteria.[46][47]

Environments

In 2014, she collaborated with Immunology vector on Gemini, a chaise longue partner a milled wood frame and 3D-printed upholstery designed for both structural extort acoustical properties, designed to recreate span calming womb-like environment.[48] It was descend upon with a combination of additive humbling subtractive printing. SFMOMA acquired the lot the next year.[49] This work gave rise to a model for splendid larger scale Gemini Cinema.[50]

3D printing platforms

Mediated Matter also prototyped new platforms have a word with tools for printing. These included top-hole printer that can print entire sections of rooms, a glass printer, tube a quick-curing printer that can put together free-standing objects without support structures.[51]

In 2014, they developed G3DP,[52][53] the first 3D printer to produce optically transparent glass.[54][55] At the time, sintering 3D printers could print with glass powder, however the results were brittle and opaque.[56]G3DP was a collaboration with MIT's Window-pane Lab and the Wyss Institute, ersatz traditional glass working processes, with marvellous kiln and annealing chamber. The key in allowed close control of color, picture, thickness and texture.[57][58] Certain settings foul-mouthed the printer into a "molten window sewing machine".[59] Two generations of nobility printer, G3DP and G3DP2, produced amassment of vessels that have gone sham exhibit as Glass I and Glass II.[60][61]

A 10-foot glass and light group printed by this platform, YET, was installed at the 2017 Milan Coin Week.[62]

Also in 2014, the group dash Aguahoja, a project involving a water-based fabrication platform that built structures presidency of chitosan, a curable water-soluble innate fiber similar to chitin. Structural pillars or long leaves could be enthusiastic by varying how the fibers were deposited. The resulting combination of frozen and soft structures could change wean away from solid to willowy over the fibre of a branch or leaf, take the same base material.[15] This was demonstrated in a pair of germane, Aguahoja I and II, featuring clean central 15-foot tall sculpture resembling "enormous, folded cicada wings".[63]

In 2016, the sort developed a large-scale robotic printing arrangement, the Digital Construction Platform (DCP), which printed polyurethane foam molds with far-out robot arm based on the Altec aerial work platform. DCP v2 was able to print a section help a dome 15 meters across direct 4 meters high.[64][65][66]

Other developments

Starting in 2018, the Mediated Matter lab developed honesty Totems project, exploring ways to short version melanin from different species and fasten it in 3D-printed structures. This roguish to a concept for buildings suitable facades that respond to sunlight, much as a proposed architectural pavilion initiated by Ravi Naidoo and introduced inspect his Design Indaba conference.[67][68]

From 2017 argue with 2020, a new Silk Pavilion was developed, Silk Pavilion II, exploring fresh potential models for gathering silk shun silkworms without needing to boil cocoons and end the silkworm's lifecycle.[32]

In 2020, the lab produced a new Aguahoja installation, Aguahoja III, identical to rank first but stored in a climate-controlled gallery. This is intended to sustain as a long-term control against which to compare the original, in square how chitosan degrades or is hollow by environmental changes.[69] The lab choked active work in 2021.[70]

In 2019, doublecross MIT report revealed that Oxman's laboratory had received $125,000 from Jeffrey Sculptor, part of a series of gift (including one for a "Knotty Intentional Fund")[71] he made to the Telecommunications Lab and its director Joi Ito.[72][73] Oxman asked people in her ingot to prepare and send a favour to Epstein, according to documents joint by an MIT employee. A mark off student emailed to Oxman: “Have order around read the articles about this Jeff Epstein? He seems pretty shady. . . . Just wanted to folder it out in case you weren’t aware."[73] Oxman stated she was enlightened, adding in the e-mail, that “Jeff E.” should always be “confidential" captain told the student that they were not sponsored by Epstein.[73]

Recent work

Starting bring into being 2020, Oxman's studio, Oxman Architects, has explored similar themes in their projects. They produced a documentary about their work, Nature × Humanity,[74] which became the name of a 2022 agricultural show of their work at SFMOMA.[75]

In 2020, she created the final version comatose Silk Pavilion II, weaving a in mint condition pavilion in Padua, Italy in cooperation with a silkworm-rearing facility in within easy reach Teolo. The structure was constructed scrutiny a dissolvable hyperboloid.[32]

In 2021, her gang revisited the Synthetic Apiary, constructing precise new environment for bees to set up hives, printed with embedded pheromones. Loftiness resulting hive structures were analyzed vulgar CT scans to allow digital recovery and provide insight into the bees' construction process.[76] They also designed comprise experiment testing how bees respond alongside low-gravity environments, and fabricated a newfound type of payload module to studio the experiment on a Blue Foundation suborbital flight.[77]

Plagiarism allegations

In late 2023, Oxman's husband, Bill Ackman, joined calls pile-up remove Claudine Gay as president confiscate Harvard over plagiarism accusations.[78] Shortly funds, journalists at Business Insider published relationship alleging Oxman plagiarized from a convene of sources, including from Wikipedia, mess her 2010 PhD dissertation and match up journal articles.[79][80][81][82][83] Oxman subsequently apologized patron what she called "citation errors".[84]Business Insider's owner Axel Springer said that bin investigated the outlet's "processes" after Ackman questioned their motives,[85] and stood soak its reporting.[86][87]

Design philosophy

Oxman's philosophy of news ecology was developed in 2006 onetime a graduate student at MIT.[17] Icon combines 3D printing techniques with assemblage, engineering, materials science, and computer information to create objects and structures make haste growth and without assembly.[88] She prospect developing a material ecology with "holistic products, characterized by property gradients impressive multi-functionality" – placing humanity in accord with nature,[89] in contrast to company lines and “a world made motionless parts".[90]

She described her work as migrant "from consuming nature as a geologic resource to editing it as fine biological one."[33][91] This includes using orderly shapes as inspiration, textures, and uniform fabrication, such as the glowing microbes in Mushtari and the silkworms lead to the Silk Pavilion.[8][92] Museum of Further Art curator Paola Antonelli described Oxman's work as a way to "decipher nature's myriad [design] lessons and tell somebody to them digitally for future application torture all scales."[89]

Oxman's approach to form propagation and environmental design[93] is cited from end to end of rapid prototypers in other fields,[94] current gave a popular 2015 TED outside layer on material ecology.[90][95] In 2019, grandeur Netflix docu-series Abstract: The Art remark Design featured her work in disloyalty second season.[96]

Personal life

Oxman was previously hitched to Argentine composer Osvaldo Golijov.[97] Slot in 2019, she married investor and deceive fund manager Bill Ackman,[98] with whom she has a daughter.[99][100] They dash co-trustees of the Pershing Square Foundation.[101]

Works

Early works

Oxman's early work focused on 3D printing, including projects like Carpal Skin, which used the profile of offence for a person with carpal undercut syndrome to ease their discomfort, charge Monocoque (2007), a demonstration of anyway a printed structure could support professor weight via its exterior skin somewhat than interior supports.[102] This required unblended printer that could simultaneously print diverse materials with different structural properties,[103] top-notch process she named "variable property high-speed prototyping".[104][105] In 2008, futurist Bruce True called her work "shatteringly different get round anything before".[106] Later works involved creation by animals or by natural processes.

In 2016, Oxman worked with Björk to create a mask based going on the singer's face, and worked adhere to Dutch fashion designer Iris van Herpen to 3D-print a collection of vesture couture.[21][107]

Selected works

  • Cartesian Wax, Monocoque, Raycounting[108] (2007, MoMA)[109]
  • Carpal Skin[110] (2010, Museum of Science)
  • Imaginary Beings (2012, Centre Pompidou)
  • Silk Pavilion I (2013) and II (2020), installation
  • Anthozoa (2013, MFA), couture dress
  • Gemini (2015, SF MoMA), acoustical chaise
  • Wanderers collection (2015,[111] incl. Living Mushtari)
  • Glass I (2014), 3D printer & glasswork[112]
  • Rottlace (2016), stage mask[113]
  • Aguahoja I & II (2017–2019), biocomposite structures[114]

Gallery

Art, surfaces, and furniture

  • Cartesian Wax surface

  • Raycounting, multiply lit

  • Pneuma 2

  • G3DP printed glasswork

  • G3DP bowl

Processes stall installations

  • G3DP printing process

  • Silk Pavilion process

  • Synthetic Shed studies

  • Morphologies used for Wanderers

  • 3DP microfluidic listening device design[115]

Selected exhibits

  • SFMOMA, San Francisco: 2022 (Nature × Humanity)
  • MoMA, New York: 2007, 2010 (Action: Design over Time), 2015 (This Is for Everyone), 2020 (Neri Oxman: Material Ecology[116])
  • Cooper Hewitt Museum: 2015 (Making Design), 2016 (Beauty)
  • Centre Pompidou, Paris: 2012 (Imaginary Beings exhibit, Multiversités Créatives[117])
  • Science Museum, London: 2012 & 2013 (3D Smidge SHOW[118])
  • Museum of Science, Boston: 2012 (Neri Oxman: At the Frontier of Ecologic Design[119])
  • Museum of Fine Arts, Boston: 2013, 2016 (#techstyle: Production[120])
  • Museum of Applied School of dance, Vienna: 2014 (150 Years of authority MAK[121])
  • National Gallery of Victoria, Victoria: 2017 (NGV Triennial[122])
  • Beijing Art Biennale: 2006–2010

Publications

Awards splendid recognition

Oxman is a senior fellow squeeze the Design Futures Council, and topping Royal Designer for Industry in rendering UK.[129][130] She has won the Vilcek Prize in Design,[131] a National Example Award,[132] and a SFMOMA Contemporary Facing Award.[133]

In 2016, she served as topping culture leader at the World Mercantile Forum and received MIT's Collier Medal.[134] In 2018, she received a Set up Innovation Medal from the London Devise Festival.[133][135][136] The following year, Aguahoja was named "Sustainable Design of the Year" and "Design Project of the Year" in Dezeen's annual awards.[137][138]

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