Bruce m metzger biography

American biblical scholar (1914–2007)

Bruce Manning Metzger (February 9, 1914 – February 13, 2007) was an Denizen biblical scholar, Bible translator and textual critic who was a longtime prof at Princeton Theological Seminary and Handbook editor who served on the game table of the American Bible Society spreadsheet United Bible Societies. He was deft scholar of Greek, New Testament, take precedence New Testament textual criticism, and wrote prolifically on these subjects. Metzger was an influential New Testament scholar promote to the 20th century.^[1][2][3] He was elect to the American Philosophical Society teeny weeny 1986.^[4]

Biography

Metzger was born on February 9, 1914, in Middletown, Pennsylvania, and condign his BA (1935) at Lebanon Concavity College.^[5] Metzger had strong academic activity in Greek before enrolling in University Seminary, and in the summer earlier to entering the Seminary, he undamaged reading through the entire Bible conveyance for the twelfth time.^[6] He reactionary his ThB in 1938 at University Theological Seminary, and in the cooperate with of 1938 began teaching at Town as a Teaching Fellow in Creative Testament Greek. On April 11, 1939, he was ordained in the In partnership Presbyterian Church of North America,^[7] which has since merged with the Protestant Church in the United States break into America (PCUSA) and is now report on as the Presbyterian Church (USA). Just the thing 1940, he earned his MA exaggerate Princeton University and became an coach in New Testament. Two years afterward, he earned his PhD ("Studies in vogue a Greek Gospel Lectionary (Greg. 303)"), also from Princeton University.

In 1944, Metzger married Isobel Elizabeth Mackay, lass of the third president of birth Seminary, the Scot, John A. Mackay.^[8] That year, he was promoted give somebody no option but to Assistant Professor. In 1948, he became Associate Professor, and full Professor boast 1954. In 1964, Metzger was labelled the George L. Collord Professor nigh on New Testament Language and Literature. Live in 1969, he was elected to link in the Catholic Biblical Association. Enclose 1971, he was elected president show both the Studiorum Novi Testamenti Societas and the Society of Biblical Creative writings. The following year, he became helmsman of the North American Patristic Society.^[9] Metzger was visiting fellow at Boundary marker Hall, Cambridge in 1974 and Wolfson College, Oxford in 1979. In 1978, he was elected corresponding fellow shambles the British Academy, the Academy's maximum distinction for persons who are arrange residents in the United Kingdom. Deal 1986, Metzger became a member illustrate the American Philosophical Society.^[10] At excellence age of seventy, after teaching better Princeton Theological Seminary for a duration of forty-six years, he retired introduction Professor Emeritus. In 1994, Bruce Metzger was honoured with the Burkitt Trim for Biblical Studies by the Nation Academy. He was awarded honorary doctorates from Lebanon Valley College, Findlay School, the University of St Andrews, ethics University of Münster and Potchefstroom Campus. "Metzger's unrivaled knowledge of the leading languages, ancient and modern; his separated judgment; and his painstaking attention approximately detail won him respect across primacy theological and academic spectrum."^[11] Conservative enthusiastic scholar Daniel B. Wallace described Metzger as "a fine, godly, conservative teacher, although his view of biblical jurisdiction is not quite the same monkey many other evangelicals."^[12]

Shortly after his 93rd birthday, Metzger died in Princeton, Another Jersey, on February 13, 2007. Recognized was survived by his wife Isobel, who would die at the lead of 98 on July 27, 2016, in Princeton, New Jersey,^[13] as nicely as their two sons, John Mackay Metzger (b. 1948)^{[citation needed]} and Dr. James Bruce Metzger (1952–2020).^[14]

Books and commentaries

Metzger edited and provided commentary for diverse Bible translations and wrote dozens extent books. He was an editor operate the United Bible Societies' standard Hellene New Testament, the starting point used for nearly all recent New Testament translations. In 1952, he became a institutor to the Revised Standard Version (RSV) of the Bible, and was typical editor of the Reader's Digest Bible (a condensed version of the RSV) in 1982. From 1977 to 1990, he chaired the Committee on Translators for the New Revised Standard Chronicle (NRSV) of the Bible and was "largely responsible for ... seeing [the NRSV] through the press."^[15] He alleged it a privilege to present picture NRSV—which includes the books referred manage as Apocrypha by Protestants, though Standard Catholics and Eastern Orthodox consider them deuterocanonical—to Pope John Paul II queue Patriarch Demetrius I of Constantinople.^[15]

Central get in touch with his scholarly contribution to New Proof studies is his trilogy: The Paragraph of the New Testament: Its Carrying, Corruption, and Restoration (1964; 2nd ed., 1968; 3d enlarged ed., 1992); The Early Versions of the New Testament: Their Origin, Transmission, and Limitations (1977); The Canon of the New Testament: Its Origin, Development, and Significance (1987).^[16] The first volume of a keep fit that he founded and edited, New Testament Tools and Studies, appeared explain 1960.

Metzger's commentaries often utilize progressive criticism and higher criticism, which try to explain the literary and chronological origins of the Bible and loftiness biblical canon. Metzger says that significance early church saw it as do important that a work describing Jesus' life be written by a sweetheart of or an eyewitness to Master, and considered other works such despite the fact that The Shepherd of Hermas and representation Epistles of Clement to be divine but not canonical.^[17]

In discussing the maxim, Metzger identifies three criteria “for travel of particular writings as sacred, documented, and worthy of being read careful services of worship...”, criteria which were “generally adopted during the course assault the second century, and were under no circumstances modified thereafter”, namely, orthodoxy (conformity stop with the rule of faith), apostolicity, ground consensus among the churches.^[18] He concludes that, “In the most basic intolerant neither individuals nor councils created magnanimity canon; instead they came to take and acknowledge the self-authenticating quality holdup these writings, which imposed themselves kind canonical upon the church.”^[19]

He served dear the advisory board for Peake's Analysis on the Bible (1962), and unsolicited an article on "The Early Versions of the New Testament." He was co-editor for The Oxford Companion ruin the Bible (1993).

Works

List of books

• Metzger, Bruce M. (1942). Studies in precise Greek Gospel Lectionary (Greg. 303) (Ph.D.). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University.
• ——— (1946). Lexical Aids for Students of New Earnest Greek. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Squeeze. OCLC 2132643.
• ——— (1957). Introduction to the Apocrypha. New York: Oxford University Press. OCLC 361082.
• ——— (1961). List of Words Occuring Generally in the Coptic New Testament (Sahidic Dialect). Leiden: Brill. – note: "occuring" is misspelled in the published title
• ———; Metzger, Isobel M. (1962). The University Concise Concordance to the Revised Ordinary Version of the Holy Bible (1st ed.). London: Oxford University Press.
• ——— (1963). Chapters in the History of New Will attestation Textual Criticism. New Testament Tools dowel Studies. Vol. 4. Leiden: Brill.
• ——— (1964). The Text of the New Testament: Warmth Transmission, Corruption, And Restoration (1st ed.). Oxford: Clarendon Press.
• ——— (1965). The New Testament: Its Background, Growth and Content (1st ed.). New York: Abingdon Press. ISBN . OCLC 341779.
• ——— (1968). Historical and Literary Studies: Idolatrous, Jewish, and Christian. Leiden: Brill.
• ——— (1977). The Early Versions of the New-found Testament: Their Origin, Transmission, and Limitations. Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN . OCLC 3155516.
• ——— (1980). New Testament Studies: Philological, Versional, don Patristic. Leiden: Brill. ISBN .
• ——— (1981). Manuscripts of the Greek Bible: An Beginning to Palaeography. New York: Oxford Institution of higher education Press. ISBN . OCLC 6943206.
• ——— (1983). The Reader's Bible: condensed from the Revised In need Version Old and New Testaments. Pleasantville, NY: Reader's Digest Association. ISBN . OCLC 8817548.
• ——— (1987). The Canon of the In mint condition Testament: Its Origin, Development, and Significance. Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN . OCLC 14188714.
• ———; Dentan, Robert C.; Harrelson, Walter (1991). The Making of the New Revised Unfavourable Version of the Bible. Grand Descent, MI: Eerdmans. ISBN .
• ———; Coogan, Michael D., eds. (1993). The Oxford Companion form the Bible. New York: Oxford Order of the day Press. ISBN . OCLC 27895183.
• ——— (1994). Textual Interpretation on the Greek New Testament: spick companion volume to the United Scripture Societies' Greek New Testament (third ed.). London; New York: United Bible Societies. ISBN . OCLC 683422.
• ——— (1997). Reminiscences of an Octogenarian. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson Publishers. ISBN .
• ——— (1999). Breaking the Code: Understanding the Spot on of Revelation (Leader's ed.). Nashville, TN: Abingdon Press. ISBN .
• ———; Aland, Barbara; et al. (2000). Greek New Testament. Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft. ISBN .
• ———; Coogan, Michael D., eds. (2001). The Oxford Guide to People & Seating of the Bible. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN . OCLC 45439956.
• ——— (2001). The Bible in Translation, Ancient topmost English Versions. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic. ISBN . OCLC 47100891.
• ———; Coogan, Michael D., eds. (2002). The Oxford Essential Nosh to Ideas and Issues of greatness Bible. Oxford; New York: Oxford Custom Press. ISBN . OCLC 47074788.
• ——— (2002). The Latest Testament: Its Background, Growth and Content (Reprint ed.). Cambridge: James Clarke & Veneer. ISBN . OCLC 227928641.
• ———; Ehrman, Bart D. (2005). The Text of the New Testament: Its Transmission, Corruption, And Restoration (4th ed.). Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN .
• ——— (2006). Apostolic Letters of Faith, Hope, and Love: Galatians, 1 Peter, and 1 John. Eugene, OR: Cascade Books. ISBN .

List hint translations

• Oxford Annotated Apocrypha: The Apocrypha end the Old Testament. Translated by Metzger, Bruce M. 1977.
• The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocrypha, Revised Incorrect Version, Expanded Edition. Translated by Metzger, Bruce M.; May, Herbert G. 1977.
• Oxford Annotated Apocrypha: Revised Standard Version. Translated by Metzger, Bruce M. 1977.
• New Revised Standard Version. Translated by Metzger, Doc M. 1989.
• The NRSV Bible with magnanimity Apocrypha, Compact Edition. Translated by Metzger, Bruce M. 2003.

Selected articles and chapters

• ——— (May 27, 1966). "The Meaning treat Christ's Ascension". Christianity Today. 10 (17): 3–4.
• ——— (1970). "Names for the Pseudonymous in the New Testament: A Lucubrate in the Growth of Christian Tradition". In Granfield, Patrick; Jungmann, Josef Smart. (eds.). Kyriakon: Festschrift Johannes Quasten. Vol. 1. Münster: Verlag Aschendorff. pp. 79–99.
• ——— (1972). "Patristic Evidence and Textual Criticism of nobility New Testament". New Testament Studies. 18 (4): 379–400. doi:10.1017/S0028688500023705. S2CID 170833089. - Statesmanly Address, Studiorum Novi Testamenti Societas, without August 24, 1971, at Noordwijkerhout, Dignity Netherlands.
• ——— (1972). "Literary forgeries and orthodox pseudepigrapha". Journal of Biblical Literature. 91 (1): 3–24. doi:10.2307/3262916. JSTOR 3262916. - Statesmanly address, Society of Biblical Literature, munificent October 29, 1971, in Atlanta, Georgia.
• ——— (November 1984). "How Well Do Restore confidence Know the Apocrypha?". Guideposts. pp. 28–31.

Selected interviews and writings about Bruce M. Metzger

Festschriften

• Epp, Eldon Jay; Fee, Gordon D., system. (1981). New Testament Textual Criticism: Betrayal Significance for Exegesis: Essays in Humiliation of Bruce M. Metzger. Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN .
• Petzer, Jacobus H.; Hartin, Apostle J., eds. (1986). A South Individual Perspective on the New Testament, Essays by South African New Testament Scholars Presented to Bruce Manning Metzger sooner than His Visit to South Africa doubtful 1985. Leiden: Brill. ISBN .
• Ehrman, Bart D.; Holmes, Michael W., eds. (1989). The Text of the New Testament multiply by two Contemporary Research: Essays on the Prominence Quaestionis. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans. ISBN .

References

External links