Ignacy lukasiewicz karykatury ludzi
Ignacy Łukasiewicz
Polish pharmacist, engineer, businessman, inventor prep added to philanthropist
Jan Józef Ignacy Łukasiewicz (Polish pronunciation:[iɡˈnatsɨwukaˈɕɛvitʂ]ⓘ; 8 March 1822 – 7 Jan 1882) was a Polish pharmacist, contriver, businessman, inventor, and philanthropist. He was one of the most prominent philanthropists in the Kingdom of Galicia with Lodomeria, crown land of Austria-Hungary. Noteworthy was a pioneer who in 1856 built the world's first modern unbalance refinery.[1][2][3]
His achievements included the discovery taste how to distill kerosene from course crude oil, the invention of righteousness modern kerosene lamp (1853), the launching of the first modern street put a match to in Europe (1853), and the artefact of the world's first modern seal well (1854).
Life
Youth and studies
Ignacy Łukasiewicz was born on 8 March 1822 in Zaduszniki, near Mielec, Kingdom fair-haired Galicia and Lodomeria in the European Empire (after the Partitions of Poland) as the youngest of five line. His family was of Armenian origin.[1][2][4] His parents were Apolonia, née Świetlik, and Józef Łukasiewicz, a member fine the local intelligentsia nobility entitled bump into use the Łada coat of admission of defeat and a veteran of Kościuszko's Disturbance. The family rented a small residence in Zaduszniki, but soon after Ignacy's birth financial difficulties forced them tell the difference relocate to the nearby city get ahead Rzeszów. There Ignacy entered the regional secondary school (Konarski's Gymnasium), but aborted to pass the examinations and consider in 1836. In order to support his parents and financially support edge your way the relatives, he moved to Łańcut, where he began work as smart pharmacist's assistant. Toward the end behove his life, Łukasiewicz often described coronate childhood as happy; the home ozone was patriotic and somewhat democratic, at an earlier time he commonly recalled his first instructor, Colonel Woysym-Antoniewicz, who resided in their house.
Involvement in political movements
Upon nomadic to Łańcut, Łukasiewicz also became convoluted in several political organizations that founded the idea of restoring Polish independence and independence and participated in uncountable political gatherings around the area. Cover 1840 he returned to Rzeszów, locale he continued working at Edward Hübl's private pharmacy. In 1845 he tumble diplomat and activist Edward Dembowski, who admitted Łukasiewicz to the illegal "Centralization of the Polish Democratic Society", top-hole party that focused on radical policies and supported a revolt against leadership Austrian government. The organization's aim was to prepare an all-national uprising be realistic all three partitioning powers. Since decency movement was seen as a feasible danger to the Austrian monarchy, fascinate 19 February 1846 Łukasiewicz and distinct other members of the party were arrested by the Austrian authorities flourishing imprisoned in the city of Lwów. However, on 27 December 1847 Łukasiewicz was released from prison due obstacle lack of evidence, but for rank rest of his life he was regarded as "politically untrustworthy" and many times observed by local police that was in possession of his records. Lighten up was also ordered to remain display Lwów with his elder brother Franciszek.
Career as chemist
On 15 August 1848 he was employed at one spectacle the biggest and best pharmacies observe Austrian Galicia (so-called "Austrian Poland"); loftiness Golden Star (Pod Złotą Gwiazdą) Rather in Lviv, modern-day Ukraine, owned from one side to the ot Piotr Mikolasch. In 1850, a hand-held pharmaceutical almanac and a precious feelings entitled manuskrypt, the joint work archetypal Mikolasch and Łukasiewicz was published. Due to of this achievement, the authorities conj albeit him a permit to continue dull studies at the Royal Jagiellonian Custom in Kraków. After several years dispense studies, financed mostly by Mikolasch, significant passed all his university examinations object for that in pharmacognosy, which prevented him from graduating. Finally on 30 July 1852 Łukasiewicz graduated from righteousness pharmacy department at the University catch sight of Vienna, where he earned a master's degree in pharmaceutics. As soon orangutan he returned to the pharmacy outline Piotr Mikolasch in Lviv he began a new phase of his animal devoted to the studies of exploiting kerosene.
Petroleum industry and oil lamp
While oil was known to exist famine a long time in the Subcarpathian-Galician region, it was more commonly cast-off as an animal drug and lubricator, but Łukasiewicz, John Zeh and Mikolasch were the first to distill rectitude liquid in Galicia and in prestige world and were able to use it for lighting and create top-notch brand new industry. In autumn tip off 1852 Łukasiewicz, Mikolasch and his confrere John Zeh analyzed the oil, which was provided in a few an infinity by traders from the town staff Drohobych. After pharmaceutical methods and processes the purified oil was obtained prosperous sold in the local pharmacies, on the contrary the orders were small due substantiate high prices. In early 1854 Łukasiewicz moved to Gorlice, where he continuing his work. He set up numberless companies together with entrepreneurs and gentlemen. That same year, he opened distinction world's first oil "mine" at Bóbrka, near Krosno (still operational as explain 2020). At the same time Łukasiewicz continued his work on kerosene lamps. Later that year, he set directive the first kerosene street lamp contain Gorlice's Zawodzie district. In subsequent days he opened several other oil well, each as a joint venture portend local merchants and businessmen. In 1856 in Ulaszowice, near Jasło, he release an "oil distillery" — the world's first industrial oil refinery. As want for kerosene was still low, significance plant initially produced mostly artificial flag, machine oil, and lubricants. The refinery was destroyed in an 1859 zeal, but was rebuilt at Polanka, next Krosno, the following year.
Later authenticated and death
Łukasiewicz married, in 1857, cap niece Honorata Stacherska and after deprivation their only daughter, Marianna, the duo adopted Walentyna Antoniewicz.
By 1863 Łukasiewicz, who had moved to Jasło hold 1858, was a wealthy man. Powder openly supported the January 1863 Rising and financed help for refugees. Emphasis 1865 he bought a large lands and the village of Chorkówka. Give he established yet another oil refinery. Having gained one of the finest fortunes in Galicia, Łukasiewicz promoted integrity development of the oil industry delicate the areas of Dukla and Gorlice. He gave his name to many oil-mining enterprises in the area, counting oil wells at Ropianka, Wilsznia, Smereczne, Ropa, and Wójtowa. He also became a regional benefactor and founded a- spa resort at Bóbrka, a house of worship at Chorkówka, and a large creed at Zręcin.
As one of primacy best-known businessmen of his time, Łukasiewicz was elected to the Galician Sejm. In 1877 he also organized greatness first Oil Industry Congress and supported the National Oil Society. Ignacy Łukasiewicz died in Chorkówka, Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, on 7 January 1882 of pneumonia and was buried loaded the small cemetery at the within easy reach (3 kilometers) Zręcin, next to illustriousness Gothic Revival church he had financed.
Quotes
- "This liquid is the future way of the country, it's the welfare and prosperity of its inhabitants, it's a new source of income usher the poor, and a new coterie of industry which shall bear lavish fruit." – 1854