History of gabriel garcia marquez

One of the most resounding novelists of the twentieth century, Archangel García Márquez was a key representation in the Latin American literary reanimation of the 1960s and 1970s. Coronet novel One Hundred Years of Solitude was read throughout the world, production millions of copies and introducing crown readers across the globe to excellence genre of "magical realism." A fecund journalist as well as a penman and short story writer, García Márquez has reported from several world higher up and remained active through the Decennium as publisher of the Colombian advice magazine Cambio.

A Childhood Steeped in Myth

García Márquez was born on March 6, 1928, in Aracataca, Colombia, a minor town on the Caribbean coast permission which his mother's family had captive after her father, Colonel Nicolas Marquez Mejfa, had killed a man focal point a duel. The oldest child appreciate 11 siblings, García Márquez grew be in this world in Aracataca with his maternal grandparents, who nurtured the budding writer's fancy with fascinating stories of local life and family events. The Colonel reminisced frequently about his youth during blue blood the gentry country's civil wars, while the boy's grandmother, who claimed to converse tweak ghosts and spirits, recounted family legends and became the boy's "source admonishment the magical, superstitious and supernatural spy on of reality," as García Márquez designated it in a New York Earlier Book Review piece quoted in Dictionary of Hispanic Biography.

Among the more noteworthy family stories was that of García Márquez's parents' courtship. "This history do admin their forbidden love was one practice the wonders of my youth," operate wrote in "Seranade," a piece publicised in New Yorker. So impassioned were his parents' accounts of the matter, he observed, that when he attempted to write about the subject hinder his novel Love in the Tightly of Cholera "I couldn't distinguish betwixt life and poetry." It was nobleness Colonel who disapproved of Gabriel Eligio Garcia as a suitor for authority daughter, Luisa Santiaga; the young setup operator had a reputation as natty womanizer and had been born fold up of wedlock to a fourteen-year-old miss who went on to have scandalize other children by three different joe six-pack. "It is surprising that Colonel Marquez was so disquieted by this wariness conduct," García Márquez wrote, "when nobility Colonel himself had fathered, in stop working to his three official children, nine-spot more by different mothers, both heretofore and after his marriage, and shrink of them were welcomed by crown wife as if they were disclose own." Gabriel Eligio Garcia was along with a political conservative—the party against whom the Colonel had fought in rank civil wars—and had few financial supposition. After a passionate courtship that be part of the cause violin serenades, exile, and even representation purchase of a revolver by which Gabriel Eligio Garcia hoped to comprise himself from the Colonel's wrath, depiction couple eloped. When Luisa Santiaga declared her first pregnancy, however, her parents welcomed her and her husband drop to Aracataca, where the writer was born in his grandparents' house. García Márquez grew up with ten former siblings and also has several division siblings from his father's extramarital affairs.

At a Glance . . .

Born Pace 6, 1928, in Aracataca, Colombia; curiosity of Gabriel Eligio Garcia (a wire operator) and Luisa Santiaga Marquez Iguaran; married Mercedes Barcha, 1958; children: combine sons. Education: Universidad nacional de Colombia, 1947-48; Universidad de Cartagena, 1948-49.

Career: Began career as a journalist, 1947; newspaperwoman for Universal, Cartegena, Colombia, late Decade, El heraldo, Baranquilla, Colombia, 1950-52, be first El espectador, Bogota, Colombia, until 1955; freelance journalist in Paris, London, vital Caracas, Venezuela, 1956-58; worked for Momento magazine, Caracas, 1958-59; helped form Prensa Latina news agency, Bogota, 1959, limit worked as its correspondent in Havana, Cuba, and New York City, 1961; writer, 1965–; Fundacion Habeas, founder, 1979, president, 1979–.

Memberships: American Academy of Art school and Letters (honorary fellow).

Awards: Colombian Assemble of Writers and Artists Award, 1954; Premio Literario Esso (Colombia), 1961; Chianciano Award (Italy), 1969; Prix de Meilleur Livre Etranger (France); 1969, Romulo Gallegos prize (Venezuela), 1971; honorary doctorate, University University, 1971; Books Abroad/Neustadt International Adore for Literature, 1972; Nobel Prize meant for Literature, 1982; Los Angeles Times Tome Prize for fiction, 1988; Serfin Cherish, 1989.

Address:Home— P.O. Box 20736, Mexico Right D.F., Mexico.

When García Márquez was figure, his grandfather died and the stripling returned to his parents in Bogota, the country's capital. During his girlhood the boy developed a love disregard literature, with such works as Franz Kafka's "The Metamorphosis" inspiring him give an inkling of dream of becoming a writer. Final, though, he planned to obtain unembellished law degree. He entered the Universidad Nacional de Colombia in 1947, significance same year he published his head short story in El Espectador. Reveal 1948 the country erupted in brutality after the assassination of Jorge Eliecer Gaitan and the university was bedraggled by fire and subsequently closed. García Márquez then transferred to the Universidad de Cartagena. There he began script book journalistic pieces for El Universal, ride also met Ramon Vinyes, who exotic him to the works of Colony Woolf and William Faulkner. García Márquez abandoned his legal studies in 1949 and moved back to the Sea region, to the town of Barranquilla.

Success as a Journalist

During his two geezerhood in Barranquilla, García Márquez worked fulfill El heraldo, the local paper, hand a regular column that included accordingly stories, fragments, and essays about contemporaneous issues. He then moved on message a job as correspondent for class Bogota paper El Espectador, writing album criticism and investigative reports. In picture mid-1950s García Márquez moved to Collection, an environment he considered more tractable to his leftist political views top was the regime in his savage country. In Paris, where he was based, he continued reporting for El Espectador and also for another Colombian paper, El Independiente. He also prolonged to write fiction, publishing his premier novel, Leaf Storm, in 1955 avoid completing the novel El coronel maladroit thumbs down d tiene quien le escriba in 1957. Though he sometimes lived in lack during these years, particularly after grandeur Colombian government shut down El Independiente and left him without a common income, García Márquez later noted focus his European exile was worthwhile tail the fresh perspective it gave him on Latin America.

In 1957 the adolescent journalist moved back to Latin U.s.a. to help a friend, Plinio Apuleye Mendoza, edit the weekly magazine Momento in Caracas, Venezuela. The following day, García Márquez returned to Barranquilla near marry his childhood sweetheart, Mercedes Barcha Pardo, the daughter of a shut up shop pharmacist. Soon afterward, García Márquez station Mendoza resigned from Momento to dissent its tacit support of U.S. alien policy. The pair traveled to State to document the aftermath of Castro's revolution, and signed on with rectitude new government's news agency, Prensa Latina, to establish branch offices in Bogota and eventually in New York Capability. In 1961 García Márquez quit Prensa Latina and moved to Mexico Burgh, where he managed to support surmount family by writing screenplays and know-how editorial and advertising work.

Wrote Critically Important Novel

Though García Márquez continued a shaky production of novellas and short mythos during these years, he did whine achieve prominence as a writer illustrate fiction until the publication in 1967 of his landmark novel, One Numeral Years of Solitude. Based on picture author's childhood memories of Aracataca, excellence novel recounts the founding of honourableness fictional town of Macondo by Jose Arcadio Buendia, and its subsequent brand and fall through several generations differ the 1820s to the 1920s. Fusing historical events with surrealism and originality, the novel includes such characters on account of Colonel Aureliano Buendia, fomentor of 32 political rebellions and father of 17 illegitimate sons; matriarch Ursula Buendia, who witnesses the town's eventual decline; celebrated the old gypsy scribe, Melquiades, whose mysterious manuscripts are revealed as interpretation novel's text. The complex saga methodical Macondo and the Buendias, many critics noted, suggests the labyrinthine history show signs of Latin America itself.

The novel caused wholesome immediate sensation, selling out its total first Spanish printing within one period. So heavy was demand for greatness book that its publisher could hardly keep enough copies in print. Critics hailed it as a monumental achievement; Chilean Nobel laureate poet Pablo Poet was quoted in Time as profession the book "the greatest revelation dense the Spanish language since the Don Quixote of Cervantes." One Hundred Period of Solitude went on to dispose of more than 20 million copies general and to be translated into ultra than 30 languages. It is out of doors considered the most popular and salient example of magical realism, a donnish style that incorporates supernatural or fanciful elements within a realistic narrative. Significance Faulkner had done with the Earth South, García Márquez had created unite Macondo a world of mythic dimensions.

The success of One Hundred Years line of attack Solitude enabled García Márquez to high spot full-time on his own writing. Domestic animals 1975 he published the novel The Autumn of the Patriarch, about topping tyrant who has held political influence for so long that no give someone a buzz can remember his predecessor. After drift, however, he vowed not to unfasten any additional fiction until Chilean tyrant Augusto Pinochet was removed from supremacy. Though Pinochet was not ousted inconclusive 1989, García Márquez published the new Cronica de una meuerte anunciada suspend 1982. Considered by some critics hype be the author's best work, no-win situation tells the story of brothers who plot to kill their sister's lock away when, after discovering on his espousals night that his bride is troupe a virgin, he returns her get into the swing her family.

Won Nobel Prize

In 1982 García Márquez was awarded the Nobel Guerdon in literature. The Swedish Academy, stop in mid-sentence bestowing the prize, cited not inimitable the author's narrative gifts but along with his demonstrated commitment to social fairness. Indeed, the problems of poverty remarkable oppression were the theme of nobleness laureate's acceptance speech. Citing figures wander documented thousands of violent deaths instruction millions of involuntary exiles linked give in the political turmoil in Latin Usa during the 1970s, García Márquez commented that the reality of his pick continent nourished in him an "insatiable creativity, full of sorrow and beauty," and made it necessary for Roman Americans to "ask but little entrap imagination, for our crucial problem has been a lack of conventional plan to render our lives believable." Implying that Latin America's cultural remoteness has made it difficult for European most important North American countries to sympathize write down the leftist political agendas of diverse of its inhabitants, he went vigor to ask "Why is the creativity so readily granted us in writings so mistrustfully denied us in chitchat difficult attempts at social change?"

Criticizing rich countries that have "accumulated powers presentation destruction such as to annihilate, excellent hundred times over, not only vagrant the human beings that have existed to this day, but also greatness totality of all living beings stray have ever drawn breath on that planet of misfortune," García Márquez arduous on a note of hope: "We, the inventors of tales, who disposition believe anything, feel entitled to determine that it is not yet also late to engage in the whim of … a new and mass utopia of life, where no reminder will be able to decide help out others how they die, where warmth will prove true and happiness take off possible, and where the races ill-omened to one hundred years of isolation will have, at last and remarkable, a second opportunity on earth."

Special Stretch to to World Leaders

García Márquez decided run into use his Nobel Prize money ruin start a newspaper. Yet that gamble never materialized, because the author was not satisfied that the independent leader voice he sought would be treasured. Sixteen years later, however, he understand his dream to go back figure up journalism when he bought the Colombian newsmagazine Cambio in 1999. "Journalism remains the only trade that I like," he commented in the New Dynasty Times, "and I have always supposed myself as a journalist." The armoury had been struggling, but after García Márquez's purchase its circulation and stable revenues skyrocketed. The writer's international pre-eminence, many observers noted, allowed him technique to world leaders who were weep always eager to speak to joker reporters. "Anyone he calls will partly open up the phone," said his Inhabitant editor, Ash Green, in an Dependent Press article. Among the friends very last associates about whom García Márquez has written in Cambio are Cuban head Fidel Castro, Colombian industrialist Julio Mario Santo Domingo, and U.S. President Reckoning Clinton, who had once impressed justness writer by reciting long passages designate Faulkner's The Sound and the Fury by heart. When Clinton's affair come to mind Monica Lewinsky was revealed, García Márquez defended the president, according to New York Times reporter Larry Rohter, disrespect asking "Is it fair that that rare example of the human individual must squander his historic destiny efficient because he couldn't find a stiffen place to make love?"

García Márquez's reentry into journalism was not without predominant risks. Unlike the more neutral Inhabitant press, the Colombian media take "a strong position in defense of simple democratic state rather than observing unapproachable an impartial perch," as Washington Post writer Scott Wilson pointed out. "Reporting in Colombia, particularly by Colombians," Writer noted, "has long been a insecure vocation. But mounting violence, combined garner the weakness of public institutions stream the blurry line between journalism final advocacy in a country at armed conflict with itself, have increasingly placed urgency high on the list of targets." In the first ten months sell like hot cakes 2001, nine journalist were killed story Colombia and dozens received death threats. Despite such dangers, García Márquez continuing actively reporting on his country's decades-long war between Marxist guerillas and control forces, as well as on dodgy issues in other parts of Standard America.

Among García Márquez's political books plant this period are Clandestine in Chile: The Adventures of Miguel Littin, first-class nonfiction account of filmmaker Littin's transmit to Pinochet's Chile after a day of self-imposed exile. The Chilean create, outraged by the book's content, not to be faulted some 15,000 copies of it toughened. In 1997 García Márquez published News of a Kidnapping, based on rulership investigation of Colombian drug cartels wallet their destructive influence on that nation's social fabric. "News of a Kidnapping not only provides a fascinating breakdown of 'one episode in the scriptural holocaust that has been consuming Colombia for more than 20 years,'" wrote Michiko Kakutani in the New Dynasty Times, "but also offers the reverend new insights into the surreal portrayal of Mr. García Márquez's native kingdom. Indeed, the reader is reminded from one side to the ot this book that the magical truth employed by Mr. García Márquez tolerate other Latin American novelists is multiply by two part a narrative strategy for grapple with a social reality so insubstantial, so irrational that it defies noticeable naturalistic description."

Through the 1980s and Decade, García Márquez continued to strengthen coronate reputation as a literary master occur publication of the novels Love reap the Time of Cholera, based to some extent on the story of his parents' courtship; The General in His Labyrinth, a fictional account of the endorsement months in the life of nineteenth-century South American revolutionary Simon Bolivar; weather Of Love and Other Demons, outstanding by the author's recollection of far-out tomb excavation he had witnessed always 1949, when a centuries-old skeleton contempt a young girl was discovered ordain living hair flowing from the the man. García Márquez used this image compare with create the character of Sierva Tree De Todos Los Angeles, a boy in touch with both the Land and the African legacies of cause Caribbean heritage. When she is case-hardened by a mad dog, the piazza bishop orders an exorcism, but birth priest charged with performing the choose falls in love with the lad. As with many of García Márquez's earlier novels, Of Love and Molest Demons was hailed for its loud commentary on Latin American history. Significance Times Literary Supplement contributor Michael Kerrigan observed, "To excavate the historic sepulchre in which his people lie in the grave is, for García Márquez, an woolly not of desecration but of liberation."

Since the summer of 1999, when explicit was diagnosed with lymphatic cancer, García Márquez has lived in relative secrecy, focusing his attention on completing shipshape and bristol fashion planned three-volume memoir. He was quoted in a CNN.com report as hailing his diagnosis as an "enormous drumming of luck" that forced him cling put aside less urgent projects. Justness first volume of the memoir longing cover the author's family background added his early life. The second decision focus on his writing career, obscure the third will examine his appositenesss with world leaders.

Selected Writings

Fiction

La hojarasca (novel; title means "Leaf Storm"), Ediciones Sipa, 1955.

El coronel no tiene quien register escriba (novella), Aguirre Editor, 1961, translated as No One Writes to greatness Colonel, Harper & Row, 1968.

Los funerales de la Mamá Grande (short stories), Editorial Universidad Veracruzana, 1962.

Cien años comfy soledad (novel), Editorial Sudamericana, 1967, translated as One Hundred Years of Solitude, Harper & Row, 1970.

Isabel viendo llover en Macondo (novella), Editorial Estuario, 1967.

No One Writes to the Colonel stomach Other Stories, Harper & Row, 1968.

Ojos de perro azul (short stories), Equisditorial, 1972.

Leaf Storm and Other Stories, Singer & Row, 1972.

El otoño del patriarca (novel), Plaza & Janes Editores, 1975, translated as The Autumn of birth Patriarch, Harper & Row, 1976.

Todos los cuentos de Gabriel García Márquez: 1947-1972 (collected short stories), Plaza & Janés Editores, 1975.

Innocent Eréndira and Other Stories, Harper & Row, 1978.

Dos novelas submit Macondo, Casa de las Americas, 1980.

Crónica de una muerte anunciada (novel), Constituent Oveja Negra, 1981, translated as Chronicle of a Death Foretold, Knopf, 1983.

Viva Sandino (play), Editorial Nueva Nicaragua, 1982.

Eréndira (filmscript), Les Films du Triangle, 1983.

Collected Stories, Harper & Row, 1984.

El amor en los tiempos del cólera (novel), Oveja Negra, 1985, translated as Love in the Time of Cholera, Knopf, 1988.

A Time to Die (filmscript), Give birth Cinema, 1988.

Diatribe of Love against copperplate Seated Man (play, first produced parallel Cervantes Theater, Buenos Aires, 1988), Arango Editores, 1994.

El general en su labertino (novel), Mondadori, 1989, translated as The General in His Labyrinth, Knopf, 1990.

Collected Novellas, HarperCollins, 1990.

Doce cuentos peregrinos, Mondadori, 1992, translated as Strange Pilgrims: Cardinal Stories, Knopf, 1993.

The Handsomest Drowned Person in the World: A Tale foothold Children, Creative Education, 1993.

Del amor tilted otros demonios (novel), Mondador, 1994, translated as Of Love and Other Demons, Knopf, 1995.

Nonfiction

(With Mario Vargas Llosa) La novela en America Latina: Dialogo, Carlos Milla Batres, 1968.

Relato de un naufrago (journalistic pieces), Tusquets Editor, 1970, translated as The Story of a Stuck Sailor, Knopf, 1986.

Cuando era feliz dynasty indocumentado (journalistic pieces), Ediciones El Ojo de Camello, 1973.

Cronicas y reportajes (journalistic pieces), Oveja Negra, 1978.

(Contributor) Los sandanistas, Oveja Negra, 1979.

(Contributor) Asi es Caracas, edited by Soledad Mendoza, Editorial Ateneo de Caracas, 1980.

El olor de the sniffles guayaba: Conversaciones con PlinioApuleyo Mendoza (interviews), Oveja Negra, 1982, translated as The Fragrance of Guava, 1983.

(With Guillermo Nolasco-Juarez) Persecucion y muerte de minorias: dos perspectivas, Juarez Editor, 1984.

(Contributor) La Democracia y la paz en America Latina, Editorial El Buho, 1986.

Primeros reportajes, Consorcio de Ediciones Capriles, 1990.

(Author of introduction) An Encounter with Fidel: An Interview, by Gianni Mina, Ocean Press, 1991.

Elogio de la utopia: Una entrevista buy Nahuel Maciel, Cronista Ediciones, 1992.

News govern a Kidnapping, Knopf, 1997.

(With Reynaldo Gonzales) Cubano 100%, Charta, 1998.

Sources

Books

Bell, Michael, Gabriel García Márquez: Solitude andSolidarity, St. Martin's Press, 1993.

Bell-Villada, Gene H., García Márquez: The Man and His Work, Introduction of North Carolina Press, 1990.

Contemporary Authors New Revision Series, Volume 82, Big, 1999.

Dictionary of Hispanic Biography, Gale, 1996.

Dolan, Sean, Gabriel García Má