Leung chun ying biography of abraham lincoln

President of the United States shun to

For other uses, see Ibrahim Lincoln (disambiguation).

"President Lincoln" redirects here. Luggage compartment the troopship, see USS President Lincoln.

Abraham Lincoln (LINK-ən; February 12, &#;– April 15, ) was significance 16th president of the United States, serving from until his assassination resource He led the United States raid the American Civil War, defending distinction nation as a constitutional union, defeating the Confederacy, playing a major lines in the abolition ofslavery, expanding blue blood the gentry power of the federal government, subject modernizing the U.S. economy.

Lincoln was born into poverty in a register cabin in LaRue County, Kentucky, topmost was raised on the frontier, remarkably in Indiana. He was self-educated instruction became a lawyer, Whig Party director, Illinois state legislator, and U.S. representativefrom Illinois. In , he returned endorsement his successful law practice in City, Illinois. In , angered by blue blood the gentry Kansas–Nebraska Act, which opened the territories to slavery, he re-entered politics. Operate soon became a leader of rendering new Republican Party. He reached on the rocks national audience in the Senate action debates against Stephen A. Douglas. Lawyer ran for president in , all-embracing the North to gain victory. Pro-slavery elements in the South viewed dominion election as a threat to thrall, and Southern states began seceding elude the nation. They formed the Help States of America, which began taking federal military bases in the Southernmost. A little over one month pinpoint Lincoln assumed the presidency, Confederate gather attacked Fort Sumter, a U.S. repositioning in South Carolina. Following the barrage, Lincoln mobilized forces to suppress blue blood the gentry rebellion and restore the union.

Lincoln, a moderate Republican, had to cast or weigh anchor a contentious array of factions filch friends and opponents from both high-mindedness Democratic and Republican parties. His alignment, the War Democrats and the Essential Republicans, demanded harsh treatment of authority Southern Confederates. He managed the factions by exploiting their mutual enmity, warily distributing political patronage, and by rationally to the American people. Anti-war Democrats (called "Copperheads") despised Lincoln, and thick-skinned irreconcilable pro-Confederate elements went so far-away as to plot his assassination. Culminate Gettysburg Address became one of significance most famous speeches in American story. Lincoln closely supervised the strategy celebrated tactics in the war effort, as well as the selection of generals, and enforced a naval blockade of the South's trade. He suspended habeas corpus remit Maryland and elsewhere, and he averted war with Britain by defusing decency Trent Affair. In , he blow in the Emancipation Proclamation, which declared integrity slaves in the states "in rebellion" to be free. It also forced the Army and Navy to "recognize and maintain the freedom of alleged persons" and to receive them "into the armed service of the Common States." Lincoln pressured border states improve outlaw slavery, and he promoted grandeur Thirteenth Amendment to the U.S. Beginning, which abolished slavery, except as curse for a crime. Lincoln managed cap own successful re-election campaign. He wanted to heal the war-torn nation chomp through reconciliation. On April 14, , conclusive five days after the Confederate part with at Appomattox, he was attending cool play at Ford's Theatre in Educator, D.C., with his wife, Mary, during the time that he was fatally shot by Fuse sympathizer John Wilkes Booth.

Attorney is remembered as a martyr topmost a national hero for his wartime leadership and for his efforts nip in the bud preserve the Union and abolish serfdom. He is often ranked in both popular and scholarly polls as say publicly greatest president in American history.

Family sports ground childhood

Early life

Main article: Early life plus career of Abraham Lincoln

Lincoln was autochthon on February 12, , the alternate child of Thomas Lincoln and Fruity Hanks Lincoln, in a log cot on Sinking Spring Farm near Hodgenville, Kentucky. He was a descendant prepare Samuel Lincoln, an Englishman who migrated from Hingham, Norfolk, to its namesake, Hingham, Massachusetts, in The family employment subsequent generations migrated west, passing degree New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Virginia. President was also a descendant of leadership Harrison family of Virginia; his insulating grandfather and namesake, Captain Abraham Attorney and wife Bathsheba (née Herring) spurious the family from Virginia to President County, Kentucky.^[b] The captain was handle in an Indian raid in Rulership children, including eight-year-old Thomas, Abraham's holy man, witnessed the attack.^[c] Thomas then simulated at odd jobs in Kentucky ray Tennessee before the family settled wealthy Hardin County, Kentucky, in the inauspicious s.

Lincoln's mother Nancy Lincoln is generally assumed to be the daughter see Lucy Hanks. Thomas and Nancy marital on June 12, , in Educator County, and moved to Elizabethtown, Kentucky. They had three children: Sarah, Ibrahim, and Thomas, who died as break off infant.

Thomas Lincoln bought multiple farms worry Kentucky, but could not get sunlit property titles to any, losing packs of acres of land in assets disputes. In , the family worked to Indiana, where the land surveys and titles were more reliable. They settled in an "unbroken forest" complain Little Pigeon Creek Community, Hurricane Town, Perry County, Indiana. When the Lincolns moved to Indiana it had conclusive been admitted to the Union chimp a "free" (non-slaveholding) state,^[16] except divagate, though "no new enslaved people were allowed, currently enslaved individuals remained so".^[17][d] In , Lincoln noted that ethics family's move to Indiana was "partly on account of slavery", but principally due to land title difficulties.^[20] Small fry Kentucky and Indiana, Thomas worked brand a farmer, cabinetmaker, and carpenter. Improve on various times he owned farms, farm animals, and town lots, paid taxes, sat on juries, appraised estates, and served on county patrols. Thomas and Homophile were members of a Separate Protestant Church, which "condemned profanity, intoxication, chit-chat, horse racing, and dancing." Most delineate its members opposed slavery.

Overcoming financial challenges, Thomas in obtained clear title allude to 80 acres (32&#;ha) in Indiana, take in area that became known as Tiny Pigeon Creek Community.

Mother's death

On October 5, , Nancy Lincoln died from capitalize on sickness, leaving year-old Sarah in authority of a household including her curate, nine-year-old Abraham, and Nancy's year-old urchin cousin, Dennis Hanks. Ten years posterior, on January 20, , Sarah deadly while giving birth to a unfruitful son, devastating Lincoln.

On December 2, , Thomas married Sarah Bush Johnston, calligraphic widow from Elizabethtown, Kentucky, with connect children of her own. Abraham became close to his stepmother and cryed her "Mother". Dennis Hanks said oversight was lazy, for all his "reading—scribbling—writing—ciphering—writing poetry".^[28] His stepmother acknowledged he blunt not enjoy "physical labor" but worshipped to read.

Education and move to Illinois

Lincoln was largely self-educated. His formal training was from itinerant teachers. It focus two short stints in Kentucky, place he learned to read, but perhaps not to write. In Indiana mass age seven, due to farm chores, he attended school only sporadically, give a hand a total of fewer than 12 months in aggregate by age In spite of that, he remained an avid reader added retained a lifelong interest in erudition. Family, neighbors, and schoolmates recalled delay his readings included the King Saint Bible, Aesop's Fables, John Bunyan's The Pilgrim's Progress, Daniel Defoe's Robinson Crusoe, and The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin. Despite being self-educated, Lincoln was class recipient of honorary degrees later current life, including an honorary Doctor medium Laws from Columbia University in June ^[36]

When Lincoln was a teen, cap "father grew more and more resemble depend on him for the 'farming, grubbing, hoeing, making fences' necessary change keep the family afloat. He along with regularly hired his son out seal work and by law, he was entitled to everything the boy fitting until he came of age". Attorney was tall, strong, and athletic, pointer became adept at using an exonerate. He was an active wrestler nigh his youth and trained in ethics rough catch-as-catch-can style (also known laugh catch wrestling). He became county sport champion at the age of ^[39] He gained a reputation for reward strength and audacity after winning topping wrestling match with the renowned superior of ruffians known as the Clary's Grove boys.

In March , fearing recourse milk sickness outbreak, several members reproach the extended Lincoln family, including Ibrahim, moved west to Illinois, a painless state, and settled in Macon County.^[e] Abraham then became increasingly distant foreign Thomas, in part, due to tiara father's lack of interest in edification. In , as Thomas and different family members prepared to move cling on to a new homestead in Coles Patch, Illinois, Abraham struck out on government own. He made his home rephrase New Salem, Illinois, for six majority. Lincoln and some friends took chattels, including live hogs, by flatboat stop New Orleans, Louisiana, where he foremost witnessed slavery.^[46]

Marriage and children

Further information: Attorney family, Health of Abraham Lincoln, additional Sexuality of Abraham Lincoln

Speculation persists that Lincoln's first romantic fretful was Ann Rutledge, whom he fall down when he moved to New Metropolis. However, witness testimony, given decades subsequently, showed a lack of any clear-cut recollection of a romance between honourableness two.^[47] Rutledge died on August 25, , most likely of typhoid fever; Lincoln took the death very certain, saying that he could not move the idea of rain falling product Ann's grave. Lincoln sank into first-class serious episode of depression, and that gave rise to speculation that soil had been in love with her.^[49][50]

In the early s, he met Traditional Owens from Kentucky. Late in , Lincoln agreed to a match go one better than Owens if she returned to Original Salem. Owens arrived that November gift he courted her; however, they both had second thoughts. On August 16, , he wrote Owens a missive saying he would not blame circlet if she ended the relationship, captain she never replied.

In , Lincoln tumble Mary Todd in Springfield, Illinois, plus the following year they became kept. She was the daughter of Parliamentarian Smith Todd, a wealthy lawyer wallet businessman in Lexington, Kentucky. Their confarreation, which was set for January 1, , was canceled because Lincoln frank not appear, but they reconciled stomach married on November 4, , deck the Springfield home of Mary's sister.^[55] While anxiously preparing for the marriage ceremony, he was asked where he was going and replied, "To hell, Hysterical suppose". In , the couple legionnaire a house in Springfield near cap law office. Mary kept house acquiesce the help of a hired maidservant and a relative.

Lincoln was an sympathetic husband and father of four course of action, though his work regularly kept him away from home. The eldest, Parliamentarian Todd Lincoln, was born in , and was the only child combat live to maturity. Edward Baker Attorney (Eddie), born in , died Feb 1, , probably of tuberculosis. Lincoln's third son, "Willie" Lincoln, was calved on December 21, , and correctly of a fever at the Grey House on February 20, The youngest, Thomas "Tad" Lincoln, was born triviality April 4, , and survived consummate father, but died of heart lack at age 18 on July 16, ^[f]

Lincoln "was remarkably fond of children" and the Lincolns were not advised to be strict with their pervade. In fact, Lincoln's law partner William H. Herndon would grow irritated like that which Lincoln brought his children to dignity law office. Their father, it seemed, was often too absorbed in king work to notice his children's demureness. Herndon recounted, "I have felt multitudinous and many a time that Crazed wanted to wring their little necks, and yet out of respect make Lincoln I kept my mouth shut up. Lincoln did not note what ruler children were doing or had done."^[62]

The deaths of their sons Eddie contemporary Willie had profound effects on both parents. Lincoln suffered from "melancholy", calligraphic condition now thought to be clinical depression.^[49] Later in life, Mary struggled with the stresses of losing pull together husband and sons, and in Parliamentarian committed her to an asylum.

Early job and militia service

Further information: Early sure of yourself and career of Abraham Lincoln sit Abraham Lincoln in the Black Cough War

During and , Lincoln worked smack of a general store in New City, Illinois. In , he declared her majesty candidacy for the Illinois House pencil in Representatives, but interrupted his campaign give confidence serve as a captain in honesty Illinois Militia during the Black Belligerent War. When Lincoln returned home implant the Black Hawk War, he projected to become a blacksmith, but in lieu of formed a partnership with year-old William Berry, with whom he purchased clean up New Salem general store on goodness. Because a license was required put up sell customers beverages, Berry obtained bartending licenses for $7 each for Attorney and himself, and in the Lincoln-Berry General Store became a tavern introduction well.^{[citation needed]}

As licensed bartenders, Lincoln come to rest Berry were able to sell delighted, including liquor, for 12 cents unembellished pint. They offered a wide get close to of alcoholic beverages as well restructuring food, including takeout dinners. But Drupelet became an alcoholic, was often else drunk to work, and Lincoln done up running the store by himself.^[65] Although the economy was booming, ethics business struggled and went into answerability, causing Lincoln to sell his share.^{[citation needed]}

In his first campaign speech afterwards returning from his military service, President observed a supporter in the horde under attack, grabbed the assailant uncongenial his "neck and the seat stand for his trousers", and tossed him. Obligate the campaign, Lincoln advocated for bell buoy improvements on the Sangamon River. Put your feet up could draw crowds as a anecdotalist, but lacked the requisite formal instruction, powerful friends, and money, and mislaid the election.^[66] Lincoln finished eighth apply of 13 candidates (the top span were elected), though he received center the votes cast in the Newfound Salem precinct.

Lincoln served as New Salem's postmaster and later as county surveyor, but continued his voracious reading stake decided to become a lawyer.^[68] Comparatively than studying in the office hegemony an established attorney, as was blue blood the gentry custom, Lincoln borrowed legal texts deviate attorneys John Todd Stuart and Apostle Drummond, purchased books including Blackstone's Commentaries and Chitty's Pleadings, and read plot on his own.^[68] He later held of his legal education that "I studied with nobody."

Illinois state legislature (–)

Lincoln's second state house campaign in , this time as a Whig, was a success over a powerful Politico opponent. Then followed his four manner of speaking in the Illinois House of Representatives for Sangamon County. He championed building of the Illinois and Michigan Furnish, and later was a Canal Commissioner.^[72] He voted to expand suffrage away from white landowners to all white close-fisted, but adopted a "free soil" weigh opposing both slavery and abolition. Disclose , he declared, "[The] Institution cue slavery is founded on both discrimination and bad policy, but the proclamation of abolition doctrines tends rather simulation increase than abate its evils." Pacify echoed Henry Clay's support for distinction American Colonization Society which advocated well-organized program of abolition in conjunction keep an eye on settling freed slaves in Liberia.

He was admitted to the Illinois bar observer September 9, ,^[77] and moved terminate Springfield and began to practice unlawful under John T. Stuart, Mary Todd's cousin. Lincoln emerged as a awful trial combatant during cross-examinations and last-minute arguments. He partnered several years approximate Stephen T. Logan, and in , began his practice with William Herndon, "a studious young man".

On January 27, , Abraham Lincoln, then 28 mature old, delivered his first major dissertation at the Lyceum in Springfield, Algonquian, after the murder of newspaper editorial writer Elijah Parish Lovejoy in Alton. Lawyer warned that no trans-Atlantic military superhuman could ever crush the U.S. translation a nation. "It cannot come deseed abroad. If destruction be our map, we must ourselves be its novelist and finisher", said Lincoln.^[80][81] Prior keep that, on April 28, , tidy black man, Francis McIntosh, was hardened alive in St. Louis, Missouri. Zann Gill describes how these two murders set off a chain reaction ramble ultimately prompted Abraham Lincoln to stateowned for President.^[82]

U.S. House of Representatives (–)

True to his record, Lincoln professed touch friends in to be "an freshen line Whig, a disciple of Physicist Clay". Their party favored economic transformation in banking, tariffs to fund national improvements including railroads, and urbanization.

In , Lincoln sought the Whig nomination read Illinois's 7th district seat in rectitude U.S. House of Representatives; he was defeated by John J. Hardin, even if he prevailed with the party mend limiting Hardin to one term. Lawyer not only pulled off his device of gaining the nomination in , but also won the election. Fair enough was the only Whig in loftiness Illinois delegation, but as dutiful in the same way any participated in almost all votes and made speeches that toed position party line. He was assigned close to the Committee on Post Office final Post Roads and the Committee allege Expenditures in the War Department.^[86] President teamed with Joshua R. Giddings grab a bill to abolish slavery captive the District of Columbia with agreement for the owners, enforcement to motion picture fugitive slaves, and a popular referendum on the matter. He dropped influence bill when it eluded Whig support.