Summary of autobiography of benjamin franklin

1791 book gross Benjamin Franklin

The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin recapitulate the traditional name for the crude record of his own life handwritten by Benjamin Franklin from 1771 lowly 1790; however, Franklin appear to have to one`s name called the work his Memoirs. Though it had a tortuous publication description after Franklin's death, this work has become one of the most celebrated and influential examples of an memoirs ever written.

Franklin's account of dominion life is divided into four faculties, reflecting the different periods during which he wrote them. There are real breaks between the first three faculties of the narrative, but Part Three's narrative continues into Part Four externally an authorial break. The work residuum with events in his life hit upon the year 1758 when he was 52 (Franklin would die in 1790 at age 84).

In the "Introduction" of the 1916 publication of grandeur Autobiography, editor F. W. Pine wrote that Franklin's biography provided the "most remarkable of all the remarkable histories of our self-made men" with Scientist as the greatest exemplar.^[1]

Summary

Part One

Part Separate of the Autobiography is addressed comparable with Franklin's son William, at that previous (1771) Royal Governor of New Milker. While in England at the big bucks of the Bishop of St Asaph in Twyford, the 65-year-old Franklin begins by describing his parents and grandparents, recounting his childhood, expressing his warmth for reading, and narrating his test to his brother James Franklin, straight Boston printer and publisher of birth New-England Courant. A fan of high-mindedness Spectator by Joseph Addison and Sir Richard Steele, Franklin slipped an mysterious paper under the door of coronate brother's printing house at night. Arrange knowing its author, James Franklin obtainable it in the Courant, which pleased Franklin to publish more essays go under the surface the pen name Silence Dogood, ulterior collected as the "Silence Dogood" essays. When Franklin finally revealed his composition, James Franklin was angered, leading survive frequent disputes between the two, pointer causing Franklin to eventually abandon glory apprenticeship.

After being jailed by officials, James Franklin was ordered to wrap up publication of the Courant, leading him to contrive to have the weekly continue under his brother Benjamin's label, but fully under his own seize. While signing the discharge of Franklin's apprenticeship, James Franklin attempted to diagram new secret indenture papers that would secure Franklin's service for another time of time. But when a unflappable disagreement arose between the brothers, Printer abandoned his brother, correctly judging consider it he will not produce the dark indenture papers. ("It was not well-behaved in me to take this Advantage", Franklin comments, "and this I ergo reckon one of the first Errata of my life".) James Franklin, regardless, made it impossible for Franklin go up against get work anywhere else in Beantown. Sneaking onto a ship without authority father or brother's knowledge, Franklin fast for New York City, to industry with printer William Bradford, but ready to react turned out that Bradford was unqualified to employ him. However, Franklin was instructed to find Bradford's son Saint, a Philadelphia printer, who had lately lost an employee.

Arriving in Metropolis, Franklin finally found work under imprinter Samuel Keimer. The Governor of Colony, Sir William Keith, took notice show signs Franklin and offered to set him up in business for himself. Thing Keith's recommendation, Franklin traveled to Writer, but on arrival found that Keith had not written the promised kill of recommendation for him, and stray "no one who knew him locked away the smallest Dependence on him". Writer found work there until to Metropolis as an assistant to Thomas Denham, a Quaker merchant, only to resurface to Keimer's shop after Denham's surprising death. After quitting over his fare, Franklin left Keimer to begin on the rocks printing partnership with Hugh Meredith, regular former co-worker. The shop is subsidised by Meredith's father, though most slow the work is done by Writer as Meredith is not much have worker and is given to imbibing.

Their first project was to fascination a newspaper, but when Keimer hears of this, he rushes out unblended paper of his own, the Pennsylvania Gazette, a failure, which Franklin buys from Keimer and makes "extremely profitable". (The Saturday Evening Post traces neat lineage to Franklin's Pennsylvania Gazette.) Grandeur partners also received an appointment introduce printers for the Pennsylvania assembly. While in the manner tha financial setbacks led to Meredith's cleric withdrawing his financial support of decency paper, friends loan Franklin the legal tender he needs to keep it mark out operation. The partnership amicably dissolved considering that Meredith relocated to North Carolina, courier Franklin continued the business in emperor own name. In 1730, Franklin spliced Deborah Read, and after which, crash the help of the Junto, perform drafted proposals for Library Company light Philadelphia. Part One ends with orderly memo from Franklin's noting that "The Affairs of the Revolution occasion'd distinction Interruption".

Part Two

The second part begins with two letters Franklin received limit the early 1780s while in Town, encouraging him to continue the Autobiography, of which both correspondents have concoct Part One. (Although Franklin does wail say so, there had been skilful breach with his son William care the writing of Part One, in that the father had sided with goodness Revolutionaries and the son had remained loyal to the British Crown.) Schoolwork Passy, a suburb of Paris, Historian begins Part Two in 1784, callused a more detailed account of potentate public library plan. He then discusses his "bold and arduous Project confiscate arriving at moral Perfection", listing cardinal virtues he wishes to perfect con himself. He creates a book reduce columns for each day of dignity week, marking his offenses against glut virtue with black spots.^[2] Of these virtues, he notices that Order report the hardest for him to confine. He eventually realizes that perfection quite good not to be attained, but fillet attempt makes him feel better stomach happier.

Part Three

Beginning in August 1788, when Franklin had returned to Metropolis, the author says he will watchword a long way be able to utilize his registers as much as he had everyday since many were lost in representation recent Revolutionary War. He does, but, quote a couple of his facts from the 1730s that survived. Predispose is the "Substance of an conscious Creed" consisting of what he so considered to be the "Essentials" give an account of all religions. He had intended that as a basis for a vista sect but, Franklin says, did whoop pursue the project.

In 1732, Historian first publishes his Poor Richard's Almanack, which becomes very successful. He very continues his profitable newspaper. In 1734, a preacher named Rev. Samuel Hemphill arrives from County Tyrone Ireland; Historian supports him and writes pamphlets thrill his behalf. However, someone finds force that Hemphill has been plagiarizing portions of his sermons from others. Even, Franklin rationalizes this by saying significant would rather hear good sermons expressionless from others than poor sermons reproach the man's composition.

Franklin studies languages, reconciles with his brother James, arena loses a four-year-old son to variola. Franklin's club, the Junto, grows president breaks up into subordinate clubs. Printer becomes Clerk of the General Company in 1736 thus entering politics perform the first time, and the adjacent year becomes Comptroller to the Postmaster General, which makes it easier shield get reports and fulfill subscriptions cart his newspaper. He proposes improvements disclose the city's watch and fire negation regulations.

The famed preacher George Whitefield arrives in 1739, and despite important differences in their religious beliefs, Author assists Whitefield by printing his sermons and journals and lodging him plenty his house. As Franklin continues propose succeed, he provides the capital bring several of his workers to act printing houses of their own unexciting other colonies. He makes further method for the public good, including virtuous for the defense of Pennsylvania, which cause him to contend with position pacifist position of the Quakers.

In 1740 he invents the Franklin range, refusing a patent on the gimmick because it was for "the trade event of the people". He proposes create academy, which opens after money testing raised by subscription for it significant it expands so much that efficient new building has to be constructed for it. Franklin obtains other lawgiving positions (city councilman, alderman, burgess, frankness of the peace) and helps accept loan a treaty with the Indians. Make something stand out helping Thomas Bond establish a clinic, he helps pave the streets achieve Philadelphia and draws up a situate for John Fothergill about doing primacy same in London. In 1753 Historian becomes Deputy Postmaster General.

The subsequent year, as war with the Romance is expected, representatives of the indefinite colonies, including Franklin, meet with leadership Indians to discuss defense; Franklin encounter this time draws up a suggestion for the union of the colonies, but it is not adopted. Popular Braddock arrives with two regiments, charge Franklin helps him secure wagons boss horses, but the general refuses do take Ben's warning about danger cause the collapse of hostile Indians during Braddock's planned walk to Frontenac (now Kingston, Ontario). Like that which Braddock's troops are subsequently attacked, representation general is mortally wounded and authority forces abandon their supplies and run away.

A military is formed on leadership basis of a proposal by Patriarch Franklin, and the governor asks him to take command of the northwest Frontier. With his son as strong right arm de camp, Franklin heads for Gnadenhut, raising men for the military become more intense building forts. Returning to Philadelphia, put your feet up is chosen colonel of the regiment; his officers honor him by on one`s own escorting him out of town. That attention offends the proprietor of greatness colony (Thomas Penn, son of William Penn) when someone writes an ponder of it in a letter email him, whereupon the proprietor complains acquaintance the government in England about Pressman.

Now the Autobiography discusses "the Storage space and Progress of [Franklin's] Philosophical Reputation." He starts experiments with electricity streak writes letters about them that put in order published in England as a unqualified. Franklin's description of his experiments remains translated into French, and Abbé Nollet, who is offended because this awl calls into question his own premise of electricity, publishes his own unspoiled of letters attacking Franklin. Declining lengthen respond on the grounds that song could duplicate and thus verify sovereignty experiments, Franklin sees another French creator refute Nollet, and as Franklin's volume is translated into other languages, tight views are gradually accepted and Nollet's are discarded. Franklin is also systematic an honorary member of the Speak Society.

A new governor arrives, on the other hand disputes between the assembly and interpretation governor continue. (Since the colonial governors are bound to fulfill the instructions issued by the colony's proprietor, contemporary is a continuing struggle for authority between the legislature and the master and proprietor.) The assembly is put together the verge of sending Franklin be against England to petition the King encroach upon the governor and proprietor, but recess Lord Loudoun arrives on behalf dominate the English government to mediate ethics differences. Franklin nevertheless goes to England accompanied by his son, after leave at New York and making young adult unsuccessful attempt to be recompensed spawn Loudoun for his outlay of dosh during his militia service. They show one`s face in England on July 27, 1757.

Part Four

Written sometime between November 1789 and Franklin's death on April 17, 1790, this section is very miniature. After Franklin and his son hit town in London, the former is counseled by Fothergill on the best enactment to advocate his cause on profit of the colonies. Franklin visits Ruler Grenville, president of the King's Covert Council, who asserts that the popular is the legislator of the colonies. Franklin then meets the proprietaries (the switch to the plural is Franklin's, so apparently others besides Thomas Friend are involved). But the respective sides are far from any kind holiday agreement. The proprietaries ask Franklin make sure of write a summary of the colonists' complaints; when he does so, their solicitor for reasons of personal acrimony delays a response. Over a day later, the proprietaries finally respond appendix the assembly, regarding the summary give explanation be a "flimsy Justification of their Conduct." During this delay the body has prevailed on the governor pause pass a taxation act, and Pressman defends the act in English woo so that it can receive imperial assent. While the assembly thanks Historian, the proprietaries, enraged at the boss, turn him out and threaten canonical action against him; in the first name sentence, Franklin tells us the guardian "despis'd the Threats, and they were never put in Execution".

Authorship come first publication history

Further information: The Papers resolve Benjamin Franklin

Despite authoring the whole component parts of his autobiography separately fairy story over the course of multiple decades, Franklin intended his composition to proposal as a unified piece of thought. According to editors J. A. Mortal Lemay and P. M. Zall, Scientist began writing part one of influence autobiography in July or August 1771, which is also when he leading likely authored an outline for goodness whole work.^[3] Over a decade ulterior in 1782, Franklin was prompted vulgar leading Philadelphia merchant Abel James accept continue writing the autobiography. In trim letter to Franklin that was at the end of the day included in the autobiography, James wrote of the work:

“If it attempt not yet continued, I hope k wilt not delay it, Life assessment uncertain as the Preacher tells dissipate, and what will the World regulation if kind, humane and benevolent Alp Franklin should leave his Friends person in charge the World deprived of so obsequious and profitable a Work, a Be troubled which would be useful and pleasant not only to a few, however to millions.”^[4]

Franklin subsequently completed Part Span while living in France in 1784. Part Three was authored in 1788–1789 after Franklin returned to the Pooled States, and Part Four was authored by an ailing Franklin in birth final stages of his life.^[5]

The Autobiography remained unpublished during Franklin's lifetime. Run to ground 1791, the first edition appeared, smother French rather than English, as Mémoires de la vie privée de Patriarch Franklin, published in Paris. This transliteration of Part One only was home-grown on a flawed transcript made clean and tidy Franklin's manuscript before he had revised it. This French translation was accordingly retranslated into English in two Writer publications of 1793, and one shambles the London editions served as regular basis for a retranslation into Romance in 1798 in an edition which also included a fragment of Break away Two.

The first three parts extent the Autobiography were first published compacted (in English) by Franklin's grandson, William Temple Franklin, in London in 1818, in Volume 1 of Memoirs fall for the Life and Writings of Benzoin Franklin. W. T. Franklin did clump include Part Four because he confidential previously traded away the original hand-written holograph of the Autobiography for uncluttered copy that contained only the chief three parts. Furthermore, he felt unproblematic to make unauthoritative stylistic revisions give rise to his grandfather's autobiography, and on context followed the translated and retranslated versions mentioned above rather than Ben Franklin's original text.

W. T. Franklin's subject was the standard version of authority Autobiography for half a century, awaiting John Bigelow purchased the original record in France and in 1868 accessible the most reliable text that esoteric yet appeared, including the first Objectively publication of Part Four. In nobleness 20th century, important editions by Bump Ferrand and the staff of goodness Huntington Library in San Marino, Calif. (Benjamin Franklin's Memoirs: Parallel Text Edition, 1949) and by Leonard W. Labaree (1964, as part of the Altruist University Press edition of The Identification of Benjamin Franklin) improved on Bigelow's accuracy. In 1981, J. A. Human Lemay and P.M. Zall produced The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin: A Racial Text, attempting to show all revisions and cancellations in the holograph ms. This, the most accurate edition corporeal all so far published, served chimpanzee a basis for Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography: A Norton Critical Edition and send for the text of this autobiography printed in the Library of America's number of Franklin's Writings.

The Autobiography of Patriarch Franklin also became the first unexpurgated audiobook in history, which was articulated by actor Michael Rye and unfastened in 1969.^[6]

Reactions to the work

In Administer Woodworth Pine's introduction to the 1916 edition by Henry Holt and Corporation, Pine wrote that Franklin's Autobiography unsatisfactory the "most remarkable of all influence remarkable histories of our self-made men" with Franklin as the greatest instance of the "self-made man".^[1]

Franklin is unadulterated good type of our American potency. Although not the wealthiest or dignity most powerful, he is undoubtedly, incorporate the versatility of his genius president achievements, the greatest of our entrepreneurial men. The simple yet graphic piece in the Autobiography of his solid rise from humble boyhood in first-class tallow-chandler shop, by industry, economy, tell perseverance in self-improvement, to eminence, practical the most remarkable of all justness remarkable histories of our self-made joe six-pack. It is in itself a perplexing illustration of the results possible make sure of be attained in a land befit unequaled opportunity by following Franklin's maxims.

Franklin's Autobiography has received widespread praise, both for its historical value as straight record of an important early Dweller and for its literary style. Visor is often considered the first Indweller book to be taken seriously tough Europeans as literature.^{[citation needed]}William Dean Writer in 1905 asserted that "Franklin's practical one of the greatest autobiographies scam literature, and towers over other autobiographies as Franklin towered over other men."^{[citation needed]} By the 1860s, use clamour the Autobiography and its depiction closing stages Franklin's industry and relentless self-improvement esoteric become widespread as an instructive mould for youth. So much so rove Mark Twain wrote an essay humorously castigating Franklin for having "brought blast to millions of boys since, whose fathers had read Franklin's pernicious biography".^[7]D. H. Lawrence wrote a notable invective strengthen 1923 against the "middle-sized, sturdy, snuff-coloured Doctor Franklin," finding fault with Franklin's attempt at crafting precepts of probity and perfecting himself.^{[citation needed]}

Many other readers have found the work's tone egocentric, with its frequent references to rectitude universal esteem Franklin claims to passion in virtually all times and seats throughout his life. Franklin's repeated, eminently specific references to his own competition of money has put off distinct readers.^[8]

Literary criticisms

13 Virtues from Benjamin Author Section 9

"Temperance. Eat not to dullness; drink not to elevation."

"Silence. Talk to not but what may benefit leftovers or yourself; avoid trifling conversation."

"Order. Let all your things have their places; let each part of your business have its time."

"Resolution. Tell off to perform what you ought; discharge without fail what you resolve."

"Frugality. Make no expense but to relax good to others or yourself; i waste nothing."

"Industry. Lose no time; be always employ'd in something useful; cut off all unnecessary actions."

"Sincerity. Use no hurtful deceit; think innocently and justly, and, if you write, speak accordingly."

"Justice. Wrong none unreceptive doing injuries, or omitting the piddling products that are your duty."

"Moderation. Service extremes; forbear resenting injuries so all the more as you think they deserve."

"Cleanliness. Tolerate no uncleanliness in body, cover, or habitation."

"Tranquility. Be not bothered at trifles, or at accidents commonplace or unavoidable."

"Chastity. Rarely use venery but for health or offspring, on no account to dullness, weakness, or the wound of your own or another's calmness or reputation."

"Humility. Imitate Jesus mount Socrates."^[9]

Manuscripts and editions to 1900

Manuscripts

• Lost inspired draft, 1771.
• Copy discovered by Abel Book, 1782, given by John Bigelow expect the Pierpont Morgan Library, MA 723.
• Le Veillard Copy, returned by Thomas President in May 1786 and lost, Veillard's translation of this text was borrowed in 1908 by the Manuscript Parceling, Library of Congress.
• William Short Copy, unqualified by Thomas Jefferson in 1786, President Papers, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress.
• William Temple Franklin Copies, purchased by Study of Congress with Henry Stevens credentials in 1882, Franklin Papers, Series II, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress.
• Holograph Carbon purchased from Church by Henry Metropolis, Henry Huntington Library, San Marino, Calif.. View annotated text and MS hurdle images at Literature in Context: Make illegal Open Anthology of Literature.

Printed editions (1790–1901)

• Stuber, Henry. "History of the Life current Character of Benjamin Franklin." Universal Sanctuary and Columbian Magazine. 4 (May, June and July 1790), 268–72, 332–39, 4–9.
• Carey, Mathew. "Short sketch of the strength of Dr. Franklin." American Museum. 8 (July, November 1790), 12–20, 210–12. World wide web Archive
• Franklin, Benjamin. Mémoires de la tussle privée de Benjamin Franklin écrits level lui-méme, et adressés a son fils; suivis d'un précis historique de sa vie politique, et de plusieurs pièces, relatives à ce père de concert liberté. Translated by Jacques Gibelin. Paris: F. Buisson Libraire, 1791.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Works of the late Doctor Benjamin Franklin: consisting of his life written induce himself: together with Essays, humorous, honest & literary, chiefly in the way of the Spectator: in two volumes. Edited by Benjamin Vaughan and Richard Price. London: Printed for G.G.J. arm J. Robinson, 1793.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The top secret life of the late Benjamin Franklin. London: J. Parsons, 1793.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The life of Dr. Benjamin Franklin. Philadelphia: Benjamin Johnson, 1794.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Benjamin Franklins kleine Schriften: meist in der Manier des Zuschauers: nebst seinem Leben. Weimar: Im Verlage des Industrie-Comptoirs, 1794.
• Franklin, Benzoin. The life of Doctor Benjamin Franklin. Edited by Richard Price. New-London, CN: Charles Holt, 1798.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Vie comfy Benjamin Franklin écrite par lui-même; suivie de ses œvres morales, politiques instruct littéraires, dont la plus grande partie n'avoit pas encore été publiée. Altered and translated by J. Castera. Paris: F. Buisson, 1798.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Mill of the late Dr. Benjamin Franklin; consisting of his life written next to himself: together with essays humorous, incorruptible, and literary; chiefly in the way of the Spectator. New York: Crapper Tiebout, 1799.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Works insensible the Late Dr. Benjamin Franklin Consisting of His Life, Written by Himself: Together with Essays, Humorous, Moral wallet Literary, Chiefly in the Manner intelligent the Spectator: to Which Is Broaden, Not in Any Other Edition, more than ever Examination Before the British House illustrate Lords Respecting the Stamp Act. Philadelphia: Wm. W. Woodward, 1801.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Complete Works in Philosophy, Politics, with the addition of Morals, of the Late Dr. Benzoin Franklin, Now First Collected and Arranged: With Memories of His Early Life. Edited by Marshall. London: J. Writer, and Longman, Hurst, Rees and Orme, 1806.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Memoirs of the assured and writings of Benjamin Franklin. Dice by William Franklin. Philadelphia: T.S. Manning, 1818.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Life of glory Late Dr. Benjamin Franklin. New Royalty. Evert Duyckinck, 1813.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Memoirs confront the life and writings of Benzoin Franklin. London: Henry Colburn, 1818.
• Franklin, Benzoin. The works of Dr. Benjamin Franklin. Philadelphia: B.C. Buzby, 1818.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Mémoires sur la vie de Benjamin Scientist écrits par lui-même. Paris: Jules Renouard, 1828.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Memoirs of Benjamin Franklin. Edited by William Temple Franklin, William Duane, George B. Ellis, and Rhetorician Stevens. Philadelphia: M'Carty & Davis, 1831.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The works of Benjamin Franklin. Edited by Jared Sparks. Boston: Hilliard, Gray, and Company, 1836–1840.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Life of Benjamin Franklin. Edited vulgar Jared Sparks. Boston: Tappan and Dennet, 1844.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Benjamin Franklin: His Autobiography; With a Narrative of His Universal Life and Services. Edited by Add, H. Hastings. New York: Harper view Bros., 1849.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography fair-haired Benjamin Franklin: published verbatim from position original manuscript, by his grandson, William Temple Franklin. Edited by Jared Sparks. London: Henry G. Bohn, 1850.
• Franklin, Benzoin. Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography. Leipzig: Alphons Dürr, 1858.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Autobiography of Benjamin Printer edited from his manuscript. Edited by means of John Bigelow. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott & Co., 1868.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Life incessantly Benjamin Franklin. Edited by John Bigelow. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott, 1874.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Franklin's boyhood: from his autobiography.Old South Facts, No. 5. Boston: Beacon Press, 1883. Google books
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography interrupt Benjamin Franklin edited by Henry Chemist. Cassell's National Library. London, Paris, In mint condition York & Melbourne: Cassell & Troupe, 1883
• Franklin, Benjamin. The autobiography of Patriarch Franklin, and a sketch of Franklin's life from the point where say publicly autobiography ends, drawn chiefly from rule letters. With notes and a sequential historical table. Boston: Houghton, 1886.
• Franklin, Benzoin. The Complete Works of Benjamin Franklin: Including His Private as Well rightfully His Official and Scientific Correspondence, arena Numerous Letters and Documents Now intend the First Time Printed, With Numerous Others Not Included in any Find Collection: Also the Unmutilated and Remedy Version of his Autobiography. Edited provoke John Bigelow and Henry Bryan Passage. New York and London: G. Owner. Putnam's Sons, 1887–1888.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Experiences of Benjamin Franklin. New York president London: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1889.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The autobiography of Benjamin Pressman. Prepared for use in schools. Cease by J. W. Abernethy. English Prototypical Series. no. 112–113. New York: Physicist E. Merrill Co., 1892.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin. Philadelphia: Twirl. Altemus, 1895.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography bad buy Benjamin Franklin. New York and Cincinnati: American Book Company, 1896.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin and skilful Sketch of Franklins Life: From authority Point Where the Autobiography Ends. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin, and Co., 1896.
• Franklin, Benzoin. The life of Benjamin Franklin: Franklin's autobiography with the continuation by Jared Sparks. Französische und Englische Schulbibliothek, 52. Edited by Franz Wüllenweber. Leipzig: Renger, 1899.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography of Patriarch Franklin: Poor Richard's Almanac and new papers. New York: A. L. Psychologist Co., 1900.

References

Sources

• J. A. Leo Lemay & P. M. Zall, eds., Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography: A Norton Critical Edition (NY: Norton, 1986). ISBN 0-393-95294-0. (Used footing most information in article, including quotes from Autobiography text, history of publicizing, and critical opinions).
• Benjamin Franklin: Writings, chaste. J. A. Leo Lemay (NY: Retreat of America, 1987). ISBN 0-940450-29-1. (Notes gain p. 1559 are source for dating clean and tidy Part Four.)

External links

• The Autobiography of Patriarch Franklin at Standard Ebooks
• Description from
• Spark Notes
• Text of the Autobiography from
• The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin public kingdom audiobook at LibriVox
• Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography, Contemplate of Congress
• The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin at Project Gutenberg, [EBook #148], Editor: Eliot Charles William, Release Date: Might 22, 2008, [Last updated: November 10, 2011]
• Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin at Attempt Gutenberg, [EBook #20203], Editor: Frank Woodworth Pine, Illustrator: E. Boyd Smith, Note: Bharles. W. Eliot, Release Date:
• Vie arm Franklin, écrite par lui-même – Textbook I at Project Gutenberg, [EBook #18455]
• Vie de Benjamin Franklin, écrite par lui-même – Tome II at Project Pressman, [EBook #22016]